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cranial nerves Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

role of CN II

A

Vision and direct pupillary light reflex

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2
Q

lesion in CNII

A

Blindness, loss of direct pupillary light reflex

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3
Q

role of trochlear IV

A

superior oblique, intorts eye and rotates down and out

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4
Q

lesion in CN IV

A

cant look at their nose

weakness of down gaze

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5
Q

role of CN III/Oculomotor

A 
medial rectus
inferior oblique
inferior rectus
superior rectus
LPS
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6
Q

lesion in CN III

A

dialted fixed pupil
ptosis
ipsilateral gaze fixed
DOWN and OUT

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7
Q

Role of CN V tirgeminal

A

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

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8
Q

lesion in CN V

A

loss of sensation in the face, eyes, nose and mouth

loss of corneal reflex

deviation of the jaw to the ipsilateral side

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9
Q

role of CN VI abducens

A

lateral rectus

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10
Q

lesion of CN VI

A

esotropia

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11
Q

role of VII facial

A

facial movement, taste, lacrimation, salivation

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12
Q

lesion of CN VII

A

facial palsy
loss of blink
loss of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

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13
Q

role of CNVIII vestibulocochlear

A

balance
Hallpike -> BPPV
unterberger

hearing
rinne’s and weber’s

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14
Q

lesion of CN VIII

A

vertigo, tinnitus, and deafness

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15
Q

role of CN IX, glossopharyngeal

A

taste
salivation
swallowing

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16
Q

lesion of CN IX

A

Loss of pharyngeal and gag reflex

loss of taste from posterior third of tongue

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17
Q

role of CN X- vagus

A

larynx and swallowing

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18
Q

lesion of CN X

A

dysarthria
- deviation away from side of lesion
- 􏰇 Lesions of recurrent laryngeal branch cause ipsilateral vocal cord
paralysis with dysphonia and a weak cough.
􏰇 Parasympathetic autonomic fibres travel in the vagus nerve to the
respiratory, GI, and cardiovascular systems.

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19
Q

role of CN XI - accessory

Study These Flashcards
A

larynx and muscle in the neck

20
Q

lesion of CN XI

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A

difficulty in turning the neck

drooping shoulder

21
Q

CN XII role hypoglossal

Study These Flashcards
A

tongue movement

22
Q

lesion of CN XII

Study These Flashcards
A

ipsilateral tongue paralysis

23
Q

causes if CNIII palsy/ oculomotor nerve palsy

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A
  • diabetes mellitus
  • vasculitis e.g. temporal arteritis, SLE
  • false localizing sign* due to uncal herniation through tentorium if raised ICP
  • posterior communicating artery aneurysm
    — pupil dilated
    — often associated pain
  • cavernous sinus thrombosis
  • Weber’s syndrome: ipsilateral third nerve palsy with contralateral hemiplegia -caused by midbrain strokes
    other possible causes:
  • amyloid, multiple sclerosis
24
Q

Causes of anosmia

Study These Flashcards
A

viral infections
head injury
IPD
alzheimers

  • > refsum
  • > olfactory groove meningioma
  • > superficial siderosis
  • > kallman’s syndrome (anosmia + hypogonadism + X-linked recessive)
  • > paraneoplastic disorders
  • > Sjogrens
25
monocular field defect
ocular, retinal, or optic nerve disorders.
26
cosntricted fields
glaucoma | chronic pailloedema
27
homonymous hemianopia site of lesion aetiology
optic tract optic radiation occipital lobe stroke tumour
28
junctional scotoma site of lesion aetiology
junction of optic nerve and chiasm tumour
29
tonic pupil (Adie's) test
Dilated pupil constricts slowly to accommodation. Unreactive to light but will constrict on prolonged and intense illumination. Vermiform movements visible on slit lamp generalised areflexia 0.125% pilocarpine constricts pupil
30
monocular diplopia causes
``` refractive error cataract media opacity macular disease visual cortex disorder ```
31
horizontal diplopia causes
weakness of medial rectus or lateral rectus
32
what is jerk nysatgmus
eye followed by a corrective fast phase
33
what is peripheral nystagmus
Unidirectional fast phase beating away from affected labyrinth Associated with severe vertigo, vomiting, nausea Amplitude increases with gaze towards the direction of the fast phase Various components—horizontal, torsional, vertical Suppressed by fixation (Fresnel goggles remove fixation)
34
central vestibular nystagmus
Uni- or multidirectional Mild symptoms. Other neurological signs, e.g. disconjugate eye movements, pyramidal signs May be gaze-evoked No change with fixation
35
what is downbeat nystagmus
- present in the primary position - accentuated on lateral gaze due to distrubance of vestibulocerbellum cause by arnold-chiari malformation, cerebellar degeneration
36
upbeat nystagmus
- present in primary position - due to lesion in the tegmental grey matter of brainstem - causes - MS, vascular, cerebellar degeneration
37
CNVIIII glossopharyngeal
􏰇 Taste fibres from posterior third of the tongue. 􏰇 General sensation tympanic membrane, mucous membranes from posterior pharynx, tonsils, and soft palate. 􏰇 Afferent part of the gag reflex.
38
what type of lesion is required to witness significant dysarthria
bilateral lesion
39
what is pseudobulbar palsy
disruption of both the right and left corticobulbar fibres supplying the motor nuclei of the brainstem results in a spasti. dysartria, slow facial movements, emotional lability due to the loss of the connections from the frontal cortec to the brainstem that suppress emotional output facial, palatal and jaw reflexes are brisk
40
causes of bilateral UMN causinf dysarthria
``` MS MND Bilateral subcortical ischaemic lesions/stroke progressive supranuclea palsy central pontine myelinolysis ```
41
What is bulbar palsy
LMN lesions from damage to the motor nuclei of the 7, 10, 12 speech is slurred, indistinct, labial and lingual sounds are affected nasal quality due to soft palate nasal regurgitation with choking and aspiration tongue wasted and may fasciculate absent gag reflex, hoarse voice weak cough
42
causes of LMN lesions causing bulbar palsy
``` GBS MND Medullary tumours syringobulbia subacute/chronic infective poliomyelitis ```
43
speech in parkinsons
low volume monotonous trails off | festinating gait
44
speech in chorea
hyperkinetis loud and harsh, intonation is variable short, breathless sentences
45
speech in athetosis
athethoid cerebral palsy loud and slow dystonic speech consonants are indistinctly pronounced
46
what is ataxic dysarthria and causes
cerebellar lesions slow and slurred with abnormal long pauses between syllables rapid side to side movements of the tpngue scanning with broken up into syllables causes MS Vascular lesions ie infarcts and haemorrhages tumours inherited ataxias - spinocerebellar dysarthrias alcoholic cerebellar degeneration

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