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Cranial Nerves I - V Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensory information comes into the dorsal side of the spinal cord via…

A

Alar plate

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2
Q

Motor information exits from the ventral side via…

A

Basal plate

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3
Q

_____ information lies further from the central canal/sulcus limitans in the dorsal or ventral horn

A

Somatic

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4
Q

_____ information lies closer to the central canal/sulcus limitans in the intermediate horn

A

Visceral

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5
Q

Where are the somatic sensory and motor columns found?

A

Extend the length of the spinal cord

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6
Q

Where are the visceral sensory and motor columns found?

A

Spinal levels T1 to L2-L3 and S2 to S4

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7
Q

GSE (general somatic efferent)

A

Voluntary motor. CN 3, 4, 6, 12 (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, hypoglossal)

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8
Q

GSA (general somatic afferent)

A

Conscious sensory, easily localized. CN 5 (trigeminal)

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9
Q

GVE (general visceral efferent)

A

Involuntary motor, autonomic, visceral motor. CN 3, 7, 9, 10 (oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)

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10
Q

GVA (general visceral afferent)

A

Unconscious sensory, visceral sensory. CN 7, 9, 10 (facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)

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11
Q

GSA (branchiomeric)

A

Voluntary face/pharynx motor due to embryoloigical origin. 5, 7, 9, 10, 11 (trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory)

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12
Q

Brachial motor neurons: function and innervatation

A

Same as GSE neurons (Voluntary face/pharynx motor, CN 5, 7, 9, 10, 11) but have distinct location in brainstem. Innervate striated muscles of branchial arch origin (larynx, pharynx, jaw, face)

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13
Q

SSA (special somatic afferent)

A

Special sense (vision, hearing, smell, head proprioception/vestibular). CN 1, 2, 8

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14
Q

Where do UMN cross/synapse?

A

Cross before the nucleus and then synapse

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15
Q

Where do primary sensory neurons cross/synapse?

A

Synapse at the nucleus and then cross

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16
Q

Which nerve is direct to the cortex? (doesn’t enter or exit the brainstem)

A

Olfactory (CN I)

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17
Q

CN I function

A

Smell (sensory), also assists with taste. SSA

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18
Q

A lesion/damage to the olfactory bulb results in?

A

Lack of smell (anosmia)

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19
Q

Seizures of the primary olfactory cortex results in?

A

Olfactory hallucinations

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20
Q

CN II function

A

Vision (sensory). SSA

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21
Q

Which nerve goes straight to the diencephalon? (doesn’t enter or exit the brainstem)

A

Optic (CN II)

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22
Q

A lesion of the right optic nerve results in?

A

Right sided blindness

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23
Q

A lesion in the optic chiasm results in?

A

Bi-temporal hemianopsia

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24
Q

A lesion of the right optic tract results in?

A

Left homonymous hemianopsia (loss of left visual field in each eye)

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25
The primary visual cortex in found in what structure in the occipital lobe?
Calcarine sulcus
26
CN III function
Extrinsic eye muscles, lens and pupil (motor/autonomic). GSE, GVE
27
Which muscle opens the eye lid?
B/L levator palpebrae superioris. GSE
28
Which muscle moves the eye up and adducts medially?
C/L superior rectus. GSE
29
Which muscle moves the eye in and adducts medially?
I/L medial rectus. GSE
30
Which muscle moves the eye down and adducts medially?
I/L inferior rectus. GSE
31
Which muscle moves the eye up and out (abducts laterally)?
I/L inferior oblique. GSE
32
Which muscle constricts the pupil?
I/L pupillary sphincter. GVE
33
Which muscle changes lens shape and allows for close vision?
I/L ciliary muscle. GVE
34
Damage to the right oculomotor nucleus results in?
Loss of right LMN and right crossing LMN (to left) and right Edinger Westphal Nucleus
35
Damage to the left CN III results in what?
No left eye movement
36
Where will lesions of CN III generally effect?
Ipsilateral eye
37
Lateral strabismus: presentation and structures effected?
Gaze deviates laterally due to paralyzed medial rectus and unopposed lateral rectus (can't move eye medially)
38
Vertical movement of the eye become impaired due to paralysis of which structures?
Superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblqiue
39
What is diplopia and what causes it?
Double vision. Symptom caused by lateral strabismus (paralyzed medial rectus) or damage to trochlear nucleus (CN 4)
40
What is ptosis and what structure is involved?
Drooping eyelid caused by paralysis of levator palpebrae superioris
41
What is mydriasis and what causes it?
Dilated pupil caused by disrupted pupillary response
42
CN IV function
C/L Superior oblique muscle (motor). GSE
43
Which nerve originates entirely from the C/L side and exits brain on the dorsal aspect?
Trochlear (CN IV)
44
Lesions of UMN or internal capsule of CN IV results in?
No obvious deficits
45
Lesion of the right trochlear nucleus of CN IV results in?
Loss of right superior oblique
46
Lesion of the left CN IV in the PNS results in?
Loss of left superior oblique
47
Diplopia is most notable during what activities?
Reading or descending stairs
48
CN V function
Facial sensation and mastication. GSE (branchial) innervate muscles of mastication and GSA innervate C/L touch, proprioception of face, pain and temperature of face
49
The muscles of mastication are innervated by?
CN V, GSE (branchial)
50
What are the 3 divisions of the Trigeminal nerve?
Opthalamic (V1), Maxillary (V2), Mandibular (V3)
51
Opthalamic innervation
Cornea and forehead sensation (sensory)
52
Maxillary innervation
Upper jaw sensation (sensory)
53
Mandibular innervation
Lower jaw sensation and muscles of mastication (sensory/motor)
54
The main sensory nucleus (CN V) is the trigeminal homologue to what structure?
Posterior column nuclei
55
Main sensory nucleus (CN V) location & function
Located in brainstem. Discriminative head touch, conscious jaw proprioception
56
Sensory projections from the main sensory nucleus (CN V) project to what structure?
Cross from C/L side to project through medial lemniscus to the VPM of thalamus
57
Pain information crosses to join with what structure before ascending to the thalamus?
Pain info crosses to C/L spinothalamic tract to ascend to thalamus
58
Pain/temperature info travels through the spinal trigeminal tract to spinal nucleus, which is located where?
Caudal medulla
59
Spinal nucleus (CN V) detects stimuli from what structures?
Pharyngeal touch & pain, Head pain
60
Motor info from CN V's trigeminal motor nuceli projects from LMN to?
Projects to muscles of mastication & smaller muscles
61
Damage to the UMN or internal capsule of CN V results in?
Not noticed because the C/L side picks up for it
62
Damage to the LMN of CN V results in?
Difficulty chewing and speaking (primarily on one side)
63
Damage to the right main sensory nucleus of CN V
Right sided (ipsilateral) loss of fine touch and proprioception of face
64
Damage to the right medial lemniscus of CN V results in?
Left sided (contralateral) loss of fine touch and proprioception of face
65
Damage to the left Spinal-Trigeminal tract of CN V results in?
Left sided (ipsilateral) loss of pain and temperature sensation of face.
66
Mesencephalic nucleus (of CN V) receives afferents from what structures?
Muscle spindles of mastication muscles and mechanoreceptors of gums, teeth, and hard palate
67
Mesencephalic nucleus (of CN V) is responsible for what actions?
Reflexes--jaw jerk, stretch, deep tendon
68
What is the jaw-jerk reflex?
Monosynaptic reflex: Downward tap causes bilateral contraction. Similar to stretch reflex loops in spinal cord (spindle afferent synapses on trigeminal LMN)
69
Rostral and caudal fibers location based on Somatopic arrangement of CN 5 and lesion effects
Rostral-->fibers from center of face Caudal-->fibers from back of head The farther caudal the lesion, the larger the area surrounding the mouth that is spared
70
Facial anesthesia
Caused by lesion of CN 5. Onion-skin distribution around mouth
71
Trigeminal neuralagia
Caused by compression of CN 5. Altered perception of pain (small sensory stimuli can produce excruciating pain). Brief attacks

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