Cranial nerves I-V Flashcards by Carlos Villalobos

Olfactory nerve I

It only has special sensory for *olfaction.

The axons from the olfactory track travel to multiple cortical regions including the __________.

medial temporal lobe

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Olfactory nerve is located in the _________.

cerebrum

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Optic nerve (II)

Has special sensory: vision

What houses the optic chiasm?

*sulcus chiasmatis

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The optic nerve carries sensory information from the neural retina to the _________ and ___________.

*diencephalon (lateral geniculate body) and
*midbrain (midbrain nuclei)

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The ________ is the anatomical site where the axons arising from the nasal (medial) half of the retina cross the midline to the contralateral side.

*Temporal retina axons stay ipsilateral.

optic chiasm

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After the optic chiasm, the same axons coming from the optic nerve are now called ___________.

optic tract

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The oculomotor nerve (III) enter the ocular cavity via the _________.

superior orbital fissure

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Oculomotor nerve (III)

Comes from the *midbrain

Has two branches: 1) superior ramus 2) inferior ramus

It gets its sensory axons from communicating with the _____1_____ nerve in the superior orbital fissue.
It gets its postganglionic sympathetic axons from communicating with the ____2______ nerve in the cavernous sinus.
It has its motor axons from its oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain.
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain provides the preganglionic parasympathethic axons.

1-ophthalmic nerve

2-internal carotid plexus

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Superior ramus of oculomotor nerve

Sensory (communication from the ophthalmic nerve in the superior orbital fissure), postglanglionic sympathetic (from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus) and motor (lmn) innervation (from oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain) to the _______ and _______ muscles.

***No preganglionic parasympathetic at the level of the superior ramus**

superior rectus; levator palpebrae superioris

Grant-794

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Inferior ramus of oculomotor nerve

Sensory (from the ophthalmic nerve in the superior orbital fissure), postglanglionic sympathetic (from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus) and motor (lmn) innervation (from oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain) to the _______ and _______ and _________ muscles.

inferior oblique, medial rectus, and inferior rectus

pg. 795

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Oculomotor nerve (III)

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain gives the ___________ axons that travel with the inferior ramus and then to the ciliary ganglion, from here the postganglionic parasympathetic axons travel with the short ciliary nerve (branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve) to innervate the *ciliary body (ciliary smooth muscle) and ____________.

preganglionic parasympathetic; (pupillary) constrictor muscle of the iris

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During the accomodation reflex, the lens ________ due to parasympathetic innervation. Also, parasympathetic innervation constrict the pupil by acting on the pupillary constrictor fibers.

thicken

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Parasympathetic communication to the ciliary ganglion

Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation (axons coming from EWN) get to the ciliary ganglion (consisting of postganglionic parasympathetic bodies) then the postganglionic parasympathetic axons travel with the ____1_____ nerve, and innervate the _____2____ and _____3_____ muscle of the iris.

1- short ciliary nerve

2- ciliary body (for accomodation reflex)

3- constrictor (pupillary)

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The short ciliary nerve is a branch of the _______ division of the trigeminal nerve.

ophthalmic

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Trochlear nerve (IV)

Comes from dorsal midbrain

Traverses the superior orbital fissure to enter ocular cavity

It gets its sensory axons from communicating with the _____1_____ nerve in the superior orbital fissue.
It gets its postganglionic sympathetic axons from communicating with the ____2______ nerve in the cavernous sinus.
It has its motor axons from its trochlear nucleus in the midbrain.

1-ophthalmic nerve

2- internal carotid plexus

superior oblique muscle

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Trochlear nerve (IV)

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor (lmn) innervation (from trochlear nucleus in the midbrain) to the ______ muscle.

Superior oblique

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Trigeminal nerve (V)

Major sensory nerve of the head

Has 3 branches:

1-Ophthalmic

2-Mandibular

3- Maxillary

Trigeminal nerve comes from the _______

pons

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The trigeminal ganglion is located outside of the pons.

Ophthalmic nerve

General sensory (naturally)

-No *motor axons run with it.

Postganglionic sympathetic axons from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus.

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Ophthalmic nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin (__1____, ____1_, ___1____), ___2_____, mucosa (nasal cavity), and **extraocular muscles.

1-forehead, upper lid, nose

2-Cornea

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The ophthalmic nerve (of the trigeminal nerve) comes to the ocular cavity through the ________ .

superior orbital fissure

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Lacrimal nerve (of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve)

-Shortest

F- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the _____1_____ and the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the ____2_____, and forehead.

PLUS **postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the ____1______ [communication from the *pterygopalatine ganglion via the zygomatic nerve, of the maxillary nerve.)

1- lacrimal gland

2- upper lid

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Frontal nerve

-largest

Has 2 branches

1-Supraorbital nerve

2-Supratrochlear nerve

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Supraorbital nerve (branch of frontal nerve)

Exits through *Supraorbital foramen

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the skin overlying the ____1____ & _________ of *frontal sinus

1- forehead

2-mucosa

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Supratrochlear nerve (branch of the frontal nerve)

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] of the skin overlying the **medial aspect of the_________.

Study These Flashcards

forehead

Nasociliary nerve Branches into 5 : 1-Anterior ethmoidal nerve 2-Posterior ethmoidal nerve 3- Long ciliary nerve 4-Short ciliary nerve 5-\*\*\*Infratrochlear nerve

**Anterior ethmoidal nerve** \*Exists through the **_anterior ethmoidal foramen_** function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the mucosa of the **_frontal_** and _________ sinuses, the _mucosa_ of the **superior** aspect of the ________ cavity, the **skin** _**overlying the nose**\*_

ethmoidal; nasal

The **anterior ethmoidal nerve** after it exits the anterior ethmoidal foramen it gives a branch that goes through the ________ to further divide into the **external** and **internal** nasal nerves.

**cribiform plate**

**Posterior ethmoidal nerve** \*Exits thorugh the _posterior ethmoidal foramen_ function**- sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the mucosa of the ________ and ethmoidal sinuses and superior nasal cavity

**sphenoidal**

**Long ciliary nerve** ## Footnote **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and \*\***postganglionic sympathetic innervation** of the _______ muscle of the iris.

**eye**; dilator

**Short ciliary nerve** ## Footnote function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the **eye**, and \*\*this one has both **postganglionic sympathetic** & **\*postganglionic parasympathetic** [axons arise from the **ciliary ganglion**] innervation of the **dilator** [\_\_\_1\_\_\_\_\_] and **constrictor** [\_\_\_\_2\_\_\_] muscles of the iris.

1- sympathetic 2-parasympathetic

**Infratrochlear nerve** ## Footnote function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the skin overlying the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **of the nose.**

**\*bridge**

Maxillary nerve ## Footnote Enters through**: \*foramen rotundum** - **Sensory** axons (naturally) - **Postganglionic sympathetic** axons from communication from _both_ the **internal carotid plexu**s in the cavernous sinus & **n. of pterygoid canal.** **-Postganglionic parasympathetic axons** for the pterygopalatine nervescome from the **pterygopalatine ganglion** in the \*_pterygopalatine fossa_.

**Maxillary nerve** **Sensory**, & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from both the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus & n. of pterygoid canal] innervation of **skin** (\_\_1\_\_), **mucosa** (nasal cavity, oral cavity & \_\_\_2\_\_\_\_\_) & dental pulp (upper teeth).

**1-\*Lower lid, nose, \*upper lip, cheek and \*cheekbone** **2- pharynx**

The pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa gives off the **postganglionic parasympathetic** axons, that are carried by the pterygopalatine nerves (of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_nerve)

maxillary

Pterygopalatine nerves (arising from _pterygopalatine ganglion_ in _pterygopalatine fossa_) **Pharyngeal nerve** exits through**: \*palatovaginal canal** function- **sensory**, **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from \**nerve of the pterygoid canal*] &**postganglionic parasympathetic**[axons arise from**_pterygopalatine ganglion_]**innervation of the mucosa of the**nasal pharynx** & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

**auditory tube**

Pterygopalatine nerves (arising from pterygopalatine ganglion) **Lateral posterior superior nasal nerve** exits through: **sphenopalatine foramen** function- **sensory**, **postganglionic sympathetic (**from nerve of the \* pterygoid canal) & **postganglionic parasympathetic** innervation of the mucosa of the _______ wall of the nasal cavity

**\*lateral**

**Medial (septal) posterior superior nasal nerve (including nasopalatine)** exits through: sphenopalatine foramen function- **sensory**, **postganglionic sympathetic** & **postganglionic parasympathetic** innervation of the mucosa of the \***nasal septum** and __________ and \*associated _gingiva_ **(nasopalatine n.**)

**\*anterior _hard palate_**

Pterygopalatine nerves (from pterygopalatine ganglion) **Greater palatine nerve** exits through: **\*greater palatine foramen** function- **sensory**, **\*taste** [greater petrosal], **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from nerve of the pterygoid canal] & **postganglionic parasympathetic** innervation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity **(\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**), hard palate and associated gingiva.

**\*inferior concha**

Pterygopalatine nerves (from pterygopalatine ganglion) **Lesser palatine nerve** exits through: lesser palatine foramen function- **sensory**, \***taste** _[from \*\*greater petrosal_], **postganglionic sympathetic** & **postganglionic parasympathetic** innervation of the mucosa (both **oral/anterior and pharyngeal/posterior surfaces)** of the _______ palate

**\*SOFT**

**Zygomatic nerve** exits through: **infra-orbital fissure** function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the \***_external carotid plexus_)** innervation of the skin overlying the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and \***postganglionic parasympathetic** innervation of the \*\*\***lacrimal gland** [communicates with the lacrimal n.]

**zygomatic arch**

**Posterior superior alveolar nerve** exits through: **pterygomaxillary fissure** function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the **_external carotid plexus_**] innervation of the \***upper molars.** -**sensory,****postganglionic sympathetic**[communication from the**external carotid plexus]**&**postganglionic parasympathetic** innervation of mucosa of ________ and _buccal gingiva_.

**maxillary sinus**

**Infraorbital nerve** goes throught: **infraorbital groove** exits **infraorbital foramen** function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the **_external carotid plexus_**] innervation of the skin of the **upper lip, cheek, \*lateral nose and \*lower lid**; _\***sensory**_, **_postganglionic sympathetic_** and **_postganglionic parasympathetic_** innervation of mucosa of the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, l**abial gingival** and **maxillary sinus.**

upper lip

The Infraorbital nerve has two branches: 1) Middle superior alveolar branch 2) Anterior superior alveolar branch

**Middle superior alveolar nerve** ## Footnote function- **_sensory**_ & _**postganglionic sympathetic_** [communication from the **external carotid plexus**] innervation of the _________ and **sensory**, **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the external carotid plexus] & **postganglionic parasympathetic** innervation of **maxillary sinus.**

**upper pre-molars**

**Anterior superior alveolar nerve** ## Footnote function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the external carotid plexus] innervation of the ________ and ______ and **_sensory**_, _**postganglionic sympathetic**_ [communication from the external carotid plexus] & _**postganglionic parasympathetic_** maxillary sinus

**upper canines; incisors**

Mandibular nerve ## Footnote main entrance: \***foramen ovale** **_Sensory_** (skin [_lower lip_, _chin_, _cheek_, _\_\_\_1\_ & \_\_\_\_2\_\_\__], mucosa [oral cavity] & \***muscles of mastication**), **motor** axons from trigeminal ganglion nucleus in the pons, & **postganglionic sympathetic axons** from communication from the _external carotid plexus_ via \***_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\__**.] The **postganglionic parasympathetic axons** arrive from th **otic gangion** for some nerves (auriculotemporal). But for others it comes from the **submandibular ganglion** (lingual nerve) The **preganglionic parasympathetic** axons come from the chorda tympani for the **lingual nerve**.

**1-ear** **2- temple** **3- maxillary artery**

**Meningeal branch (of mandibular nerve)** goes through: \*foramen spinosum function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** innervation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**cranial dura matter**

Muscular branches **Nerve to the medial pterygoid** function- **_sensory_**, **_postganglionic sympathetic_** & **_motor_** (lmn) innervation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ___________ and \***tensor tympani** muscles

**medial pterygoid; \*tensor palatini**

Muscular branches **Masseteric nerve** function- **sensory,** **postganglionic sympathetic** & **motor** innervation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**masseter muscle**

muscular branches **Deep temporal nerve** function- **sensory, postganglionic sympathetic** & **motor** innervation of the _________ muscle

**temporalis**

muscular branches **Nerve to lateral pterygoid** function- **sensory, postganglionic sympathetic** ]& **motor** innervation of the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle

**lateral pterygoid**

sensory branches (other than to mylohyoid) **Buccal branch (long buccal nerve)** function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** innervation of the **\*_buccal skin_** and \***buccal mucosa** and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \*\*\*\*\*\* No motor innervation

gingiva

sensory nerve **Auriculotemporal nerve** function- **sensory & postganglionic sympathetic** innervation of the \_\_\_\_\_, _________ and **skin anterior to the ear.** **_sensory**_, _**postganglionic sympathetic**_ & _**postganglionic parasympathetic_** [axons arise from the **otic ganglion**] innervation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

**\*TMJ; external auditory canal** **\*parotid gland**

sensory branches **Lingual nerve** * function-1* **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** innervation of the mucosa overlying the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the **floor of the oral cavity** and the **adjacent gingiva**, * function 2*- \*\***taste** innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue [communication from the \*\***chorda tympani n**,]

**\*anterior 2/3rds of the tongue**

sensory branches Lingual nerve (second part) *function 3-* **_sensory_**, **_postganglionic sympathetic_** and **preganglionic parasympathetic** [communication from the ***_chorda tympani n.]_*** innervation of the **_lingual_, _sublingual_** and ________ _glands_ [by way of the _submandibular ganglion_, some of the postganglionic parasympathetic axons \*rejoin the lingual nerve branches prior to innervating sublingual gland and minor lingual glands]

**submandibular**

sensory branches **Inferior alveolar nerve** function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** innervation of the ________ and their adjacent buccal and labial gingiva. \*\*No motor 2 branches **1- Mental nerve** **2- Nerve to mylohyoid**

**\*lower teeth**

**Mental nerve** exits through: mental foramen function- **sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic** innervation of the skin overlying the ____ and **\_\_\_\_\_**, and labial mucosa and gingiva

**chin; lower lip**

Nerve to mylohyoid ## Footnote function- **sensory**, **postganglionic sympathetic** ]& **motor** innervation of the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and _______ muscles.

**mylohyoid; anterior digastric**

Cranial nerves I-V Flashcards

(58 cards)