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Basic Neuro - Test 2 > Cranial Nerves - Lecture 8\ > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves - Lecture 8\ Flashcards

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1
Q

how many cranial nerves arise emerge from the brain

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

what do the cranial nerves pass through

A

skull foramina

fissures

canals

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3
Q

what do cranial nerves distribute

A

their innervation to different structures in the head and neck

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4
Q

which nerves is the “wanderer”

A

vagus nerve

continuous into the trunk and supplies the thoracic region and abdominal organs

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5
Q

how are cranial nerves numbered

A

in the order they arise in the brain

rostrally to caudally

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6
Q

cranial nerves can be

A

sensory

motor

mixed

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7
Q

CN1

A

olfactory nerve

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8
Q

where does CN1 arise from

A

olfactory epithelium

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9
Q

where does CN1 run through

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

through the olfactory bulb

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10
Q

where does CN1 terminate

A

primary olfactory cortex

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11
Q

CN1 fxn

A

carrying afferent impulses for the sense of smell

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12
Q

what is CN1

A

special visceral afferent

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13
Q

parts of CN1

A

olfactory bulb

olfactory tract

temporal cortex

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14
Q

with age CN1

A

olfactory ability decreases with age

anosmia: impaired

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15
Q

CN2

A

optic nerve

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16
Q

where does CN2 arise from

A

retina of the eye

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17
Q

what does CN2 pass through

A

optic canals and converge at the optic chiasm

continue to the thalamus where they synapse

then run to visual cortex

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18
Q

CN2 fxn

A

carrying afferent impulses for vision

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19
Q

what is CN2

A

special somatic afferent

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20
Q

how does vision run

A

retina –> optic nerve –> optic chiasm –> lateral geniculate body –> optic radiations –> visual cortex in occipital lobe

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21
Q

clinically injury to CN2 results in

A

visual field loss

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22
Q

CN3

A

oculomotor N

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23
Q

how do fibers of CN3 run

A

fibers extend from the ventral midbrain

pass through the superior orbital fissure

go to the extrinsic eye muscles

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24
Q

CN3 fxn

A

raising the eyelid

directing the eyeball

constricting the iris

controlling lens shape

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25
CN3 ptosis
eyelid droop
26
CN3 ophthalmoplegia
problems in adjusting to light deviation of eye movements diplopia
27
what is diplopia
double vision
28
CN4
trochlear N
29
where do fibers of CN4 emerge from
dorsal midbrain
30
where do CN4 fibers enter
orbits via the superior orbital fissures
31
what does CN4 innervate
superior oblique muscle
32
CN4 is a
motor nerve directs the eyeball
33
what is CN4
general somatic efferent
34
what is CN4 the only to do
exit brainstem dorsally exits contralaterally
35
Fxn of CN4
anterior oblique muscle for eye movement
36
clinically CN4
difficulty looing downward and outward when trochlear is injured eye drifts upward relative to the normal eye
37
CN5
trigeminal N
38
3 divisions of CN5
opthalamic (V1) maxillary (V2) mandibular (V3)
39
what does Cn5 convey
sensory impulses from various areas of the face V1 and V2 supplies motor fibers for mastication (V3)
40
what is CN5
general somatic afferent special visceral efferent
41
what is CN5 principle for
principle sensory nerve for head, face, orbit and oral cavity
42
what does CN5 mediate
sensations of pain, temperature, proprioception and fine discriminative touch
43
3 sensory branches of CN5
opthalamic maxillary mandibular
44
CN5 is motor for
mastication muscles for chewing and speaking reflex for jaw jerk reflex (mandibular)
45
muscles for chewing and speaking
internal and external pterygoid temporalis masseter mylohyoid anterior belly of digastric tensor veli palatini tensor tympani
46
CN5 tic doulourex or trigeminal neuralgia
most excruciating pain known caused by inflammation of nerve
47
severe cases of tic doulourex or trigeminal neuralgia
nerve is cut relieves agony but results in loss of sensation on that side of the face
48
CN6
abducens N
49
where do CN6 fibers leave
inferior pons
50
where do CN6 fibers enter
orbit via the superior orbital fissure
51
what does CN6 innervate
lateral rectus muscle abducts the eye motor nerve
52
what is CN6
general somatic efferent
53
CN6 injured
medial rectus muscle is unopposed --> eye shifts medially
54
CN6 is susceptible to
disruption
55
CN6 --> medial strabismus
turns in medially double vision
56
CN7
facial nerve
57
what is CN7
general visceral efferent special visceral afferent special visceral efferent
58
PS innervation CN7
lacrimal gland and palatal saliva
59
what does CN 7 innervate
mucous membrane secretions in mouth and pharynx
60
CN7 --> special visceral afferent
gustatory sensations from anterior 2/3 of tongue
61
CN 7 -> special visceral efferent
primary motor nerve for facial muscles lacrimal secretion --> tears
62
Bell's Palsy --> Cn7
paralysis of facial muscles on affected side and loss of taste sensation
63
what causes bells palsy
herpes simplex I virus
64
what happens to someone with bell's palsy
lower eyelid droops corner of mouth sags tears drip continuously eye cannot be complete closed (dry eye may occur)
65
bells palsy may
disappear spontaneously without treatment
66
CN8
vestibulocochlear
67
CN8 fibers arise from
hearing and equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear
68
what do CN8 fibers pass through
internal acoustic meatus
69
where do CN8 fibers enter
brainstem at the pons-medulla border
70
2 divisions of CN8
cochlear (hearing) vestibular (balance)
71
fxn CN8
sensory equilibrium and hearing
72
what is CN8
special somatic afferent
73
vestibular nerve --> CN8
gives feedback about position of head in space and balance
74
acoustic N --> CN8
hearing
75
CN8 clinically
tests for equilibrium, vertigo, or dizziness, nystagmus and hearing loss
76
CN9
glossopharyngeal N
77
CN9 fibers emerge from
medulla
78
how do CN9 fibers leave the skull
jugular foramen run to throat
79
CN9 is
mixed nerve with motor and sensory fxns
80
CN9 --> motor
innervates part of the tongue and pharynx provides motor fibers to the parotid salivary gland
81
CN9 --> sensory
fibers conduct taste and general sensory impulses from the tongue and pharynx
82
what is CN9
general visceral afferent general visceral efferent special visceral afferent special visceral efferent
83
CN9 general visceral afferent
mediates general visceral sensation from soft palate, palatal arch, posterior 1/3 of tongue and carotid sinus
84
CN9 general visceral efferent
secretion from parotid gland salivary gland
85
CN9 special visceral afferent
taste sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue
86
CN9 special visceral efferent
contributes to swallowing through stylopharyngeus and upper pharyngeal constrictor fibers
87
CN9 clinically
may be evident in dysphagia or loss of taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue loss of gag reflex excessive oral secretions dry mouth
88
what does CN9 need to have strong clinical signs
bilateral damage
89
CN 10
vagus N
90
where do CN10 fibers emerge
medulla via jugular foramen
91
CN10 is a
mixed nerve
92
most fibers of Cn10 are
PS fibers to the heart, lungs and visceral organs
93
CN10 sensory fxn
taste
94
what does paralysis of CN10 lead to
hoarseness
95
total destruction of CN10
incompatible with life
96
general visceral afferent --> CN10
sensation from pharynx, larynx, thorax, abdomen regulates nausea, oxygen intake, lung inflation
97
general visceral efferent --> CN10
innervates glands, cardiac muscles, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, stomach and intestine
98
special visceral afferent --> Cn10
mediates taste sensation from posterior pharynx and epiglottis
99
special visceral efferent --> CN10
controls muscles of larynx, pharynx, soft palate for phonation, swallowing and resonance
100
bilateral lesion to brainstem --> Cn10
fatal d/t respiratory involvement
101
unilateral lesion to brainstem --> CN10
ipsilateral paresis or paralysis of soft palate, pharynx and larynx
102
pharyngeal branch --> CN10
pharynx and soft palate involvement uvula pulled to unaffected side bilateral soft palate droops
103
recurrent laryngeal branch --> CN10
unilateral --> paralysis of vocal folds bilateral --> inspiratory stridor and aphonia
104
damage to CN10
autonomic reflexes reduced anesthesia of pharynx and larynx loss of taste
105
damage to superior laryngeal branch --> CN10
loss of ability to change pitch
106
CN11
accessory N
107
how is CN11 formed
by cranial root emerging from the medulla & spinal root arising from the superior region of the SC
108
CN11 --> spinal root
passes upward into the cranium via the foramen magnum
109
how does CN11 leave the cranium
via jugular foramen
110
CN11 is primarily a
motor N
111
CN11 -->motor N
supplies fibers to the larynx, pharynx and soft palate innervates the traps and SCM --> move the head and neck
112
CN12
hypoglossal N
113
CN12 fibers arise from
medulla
114
CN12 exit
the skull via the hypoglossal canal
115
what does Cn12 innervate
both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue contribute to swallowing and speech
116
damage to CN12
difficulties in speech and swallowing inability to protrude tongue
117
what is CN12
general somatic efferent
118
CN12 --> general somatic efferent
controls tongue movement controls extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue expect palatoglossal (X) eating, sucking and chewing reflexes
119
LMN unilateral lesion --> CN12
cause wrinkling and flaccidity of tone with atrophy over time
120
unilateral UMN lesion --> Cn12
do not have much affect as tongue is bilaterally innervated
121
CN12 damage
dysarthria and dysphagia
122
how can you check CN12 damage
ask pt to complete oral motor movements
123
CN combos
more than one N involved with some structures ex: eyes muscle control
124
sensory fibers to tongue --> CN combos
anterior 2/3 special and general sensation --> facial and trigeminal posterior 1/3 special and general sensation --> glossopharyngeal

Basic Neuro - Test 2 (14 decks)

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