Cranial Nerves Pt. 2

Question 1

Originates: Pontomedullary groove (between the AICA and the Labyrinthe Artery)
Exits: Superior Orbital Fissure

Answer 1

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

Question 2

Supplies SVE fibers (motor) to the Lateral Rectus muscle

Answer 2

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

Question 3

Lesion in this makes you cross-eyed

Answer 3

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

Question 4

Originates: Lateral Pontomedullary Groove. “Cerebellopontine angle”

Exits: Internal Acoustic Meatus

Answer 4

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 5

Greater Petrosal nerve, Chorda Tympani nerve, and Somatic nerve

Answer 5

Branches of the Facial Nerve

Question 6

Lips sagging, smoothing of forehead, inability to close the eye, loss of nasolabial fold (skin to lateral aspect of mouth), drooping of mouth.

Answer 6

Bell’s Palsy

Question 7

Exits via the Petrous portion of the temporal bone.

Answer 7

Greater Petrosal Branch of the Facial nerve (VII)

Question 8

Supplies GVE fibers (parasympathetic innervation) to the Lacrimal gland, mucus glands in nasal cavity and palate.

Answer 8

Greater Petrosal Branch of the Facial nerve (VII)

Question 9

Pons of CNS (Superior Salivatory Nucleus) -> Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers of Greater Petrosal n. -> Pterygopalatine Ganglion -> originates new, postganglionic fibers -> hitches a ride via Zygomaticotemporal n. (V2) and Lacrimal n. (V1)-> Nasal & Palatine branches of V2 -> Inc in secretions in Lacrimal glands, nasal cavity, and palate

Answer 9

Greater Petrosal Branch of the Facial Nerve Parasympathetic innervation

Question 10

The pterygopalatine ganglion sits in this. A small indentation cave that sits within the infratemporal fossa

Answer 10

Pterygopalatine Fossa

Question 11

Cardiac Plexus → postganglionic sympathetics → Deep Petrosal n. → Joins Greater Petrosal n. to form Vidian n. → Vidian n. runs with Greater Petrosal n. until Pterygopalatine Ganglion → Vidian n. runs right through Ganglion and doesn’t synapse → Lacrimal Gland, nasal cavity, palate

Answer 11

Greater Petrosal Branch of the Facial Nerve Sympathetic innervation

Question 12

When the Greater Petrosal Nerve joins up with the Deep Petrosal nerve.

Answer 12

Vidian Nerve

Question 13

Exits Petrous portion of temporal bone via petrotympanic fissure (little slit)
Hitches a ride with Lingual nerve.
-Lingual nerve carries these fibers along with gen sen from V3.

Answer 13

Chorda Tympani Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 14

Supplies GVE fibers (Parasympathetic) to the Submandibular gland and sublingual gland.

Answer 14

Chorda Tympani Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 15

Supplies SVA fibers (taste) to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 15

Chorda Tympani Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 16

Pons of CNS (Superior Salivatory Nucleus → parasympathetic, preganglionic fibers running in Chorda Tympani n. → Submandibular Ganglion → new parasympathetic fibers originate → submandibular and sublingual glands → increase in saliva

Answer 16

Chorda Tympani Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII) Parasympathetic Innervation

Question 17

Exits via the Stylomastoid Foramen.

All 5 branches pass through the Parotid Gland.

Answer 17

Somatic Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 18

Temporal nerve, Zygomatic nerve, Buccal nerve, Mandibular nerve, and Cervical nerve

Answer 18

Branches of the Somatic Branch of the Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 19

Supplies SVE fibers (motor) to the muscles of facial expression (Platysma), Stylohyoid, Posterior belly of digastric, and Stapedius

Answer 19

Somatic Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 20

Swelling of the Parotid gland = loss of function

Answer 20

Somatic Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 21

Originates: Lateral Pontomedullary groove. “Cerebellopontine angle”.

Exits: Internal Acoustic Meatus

Answer 21

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

Question 22

Cochlear nerve and Vestibular nerve

Answer 22

Branches of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

Question 23

Supplies SSA fibers for hearing

Answer 23

Cochlear nerve (Branch of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)).

Question 24

Supplies SVA fibers for equilibrium and balance

Answer 24

Vestibular nerve (Branch of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)).

Question 25

Will cause problems with balance, equilibrium, hearing, and possibly muscles of facial expression (same location as CN VII)

Answer 25

Acoustic Neuroma (tumor of CN VIII)

Question 26

Originates: Where the Pons transition to the Medulla. Exits: Jugular Foramen

Answer 26

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Question 27

Superior Sensory Ganglia, Inferior Sensory Ganglia, Tympanic nerve, and Lesser Petrosal nerve

Answer 27

Branches of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Question 28

Supplies GSA fibers (sensory) to the oropharynx and posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 28

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Question 29

Supplies SVA fibers (taste) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 29

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Question 30

Supplies SVE fibers (motor) to the Stylopharyngeus muscle

Answer 30

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Question 31

Supplies GVA fibers to measure blood pressure from the Carotid Sinus

Answer 31

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Question 32

Supplies GVE fibers (parasympathetic innervation) to the Parotid Gland

Answer 32

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Question 33

Medulla of CNS → Inferior Salivatory Nucleus → Tympanic n. → Middle Ear, breaks off into Plexus → Lesser Petrosal n. → parasympathetic, preganglionic fibers → Otic Ganglion → postganglionic fibers that run with Auriculotemporal n. (V3) → Parotid Gland

Answer 33

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) Parasympathetic innervation

Question 34

Originates: Medulla posterior to the Olives Exits: Jugular Foramen

Answer 34

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 35

Superior Laryngeal Nerve -> Internal and External Branches Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Answer 35

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 36

Supplies SVE fibers (Somatic Motor) to: -the pharyngeal muscles (Except for stylopharyngeus m.), -soft palate (except Tensor Veli Palatini - V3) -Laryngeal Intrinsic Muscles (Cricothyroid, lateral cricoarytenoids, etc. Recurrent Laryngeal does all except Cricothyroid - which is Superior Laryngeal Branch - External Branch)

Answer 36

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 37

Supplies GSA fibers (sensory) to the External Auditory Canal and Larynx.

Answer 37

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 38

Supplies GVE fibers (parasympathetic motor) to the thoracic and abdominal viscera all the way down to the Left Colic flexure (where the transverse colon bends on the L side to make the descending colon).

Answer 38

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 39

Supplies GVA fibers (sensory) to abdominal and thoracic viscera, mainly in peritoneum, pericardium, and pleural membranes

Answer 39

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 40

Issues with this nerve cause difficulty swallowing or uvula hanging crooked

Answer 40

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 41

Medulla of CNS → Dorsal Vagal Motor Nucleus → parasympathetic, preganglionic fibers of Vagus Nerve → Tiny Ganglia in walls of the viscera (heart, bronchial tree, stomach, intestines up until L colic flexure)→ originate new, short postganglionic fibers → Viscera of heart, pulmonary airways, GI Tract

Answer 41

Vagus Nerve (CN X) parasympathetic innervation

Question 42

Originates: C1-C4 as spinal roots, ascends into cranial cavity through foramen magnum Exits: Jugular Foramen

Answer 42

Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 43

Supplies SVE fibers (motor) to the Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid muscles

Answer 43

Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 44

Test this CN: Turn head side to side; shrug shoulders

Answer 44

Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 45

Originates: Medulla anterior to the Olives Exits: Hypoglossal Canal

Answer 45

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 46

Provides SVE fibers (motor) to the tongue muscles (except Palatoglossus muscle)

Answer 46

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 47

What are the parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 47

CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and Spinal Cord segments 2-4 (Bowel and bladder emptying)

Question 48

Moves toward CNS (sensory or dorsal)

Answer 48

Afferent

Question 49

Moves away from CNS (motor or ventral)

Answer 49

Efferent

Question 50

Body in general, sensation of skin

Answer 50

Somatic

Question 51

Guts & internal organs & vessels & glands

Answer 51

Visceral

Question 52

Small diameter, slow conduction, no myelin. Preganglionic → Postganglionic

Answer 52

Autonomic Motor Fibers

Question 53

Large diameter, myelinated, rapid conduction. From spinal cord → muscles

Answer 53

Somatic Efferent Fibers