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Embryology > Cranial skull + sutures > Flashcards

Cranial skull + sutures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ‘Anterior fontanelle’ known as

A

soft spot

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2
Q

Fontanelles are the membrane covered spots in the …….. where 3 or more ……. converge

A

calvaria

bones

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3
Q

How many fontanelles are there and what are there names

A

anterior
posterior
sphenoidal
mastoid

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4
Q

What is craniosynostosis

A

premature fusion of sutures

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5
Q

Calvarial bone development is synchronised with ……… development

A

brain

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6
Q

What are the two genes that can cause crouzon syndrome?

A

FGFR2

FGFR3

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7
Q

What is the gene that can cause apert syndrome?

A

FGFR2

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8
Q

What is the two genes that can cause Pfeiffer?

A

FGFR1

FGFR2

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9
Q

What does FGFR2 bead induce …….

A

twist expression

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10
Q

What type of growth does the face follow and what does the skeleton around the eye, middle and inner ear follow

A

face - somatic

rest - neural

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11
Q

What are the two types of bone in the head?

A

endochondral

intramembranous

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12
Q

What cartilage is important for growth of the mandible?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

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13
Q

What do endochondral bones develop from?

A

cartilage template

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14
Q

What cells give rise to all skeletal structures of the face

A

neural crest

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15
Q

What happens to the osteoblasts so the skull can develop?

A

osteoblasts expand and lay down matrix so bone can expand

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16
Q

Two embryonic origins?

A

parietal mesoderm

neural crest

17
Q

Mechanisms for the skull to grow?

A

sutures

remodelling

18
Q

What are the three growth plates key to growth of the cranial base

A
  1. Intersphenoid (fuse at birth)
  2. sphenoethmoid (fused by 3-5 yrs)
  3. Sphenoid-occiptal (closed by 20) - key to growth
19
Q

On week 10 of growth of mandible what is the important growth of which cartilage

A

condylar cartilage

20
Q

What cartilage unites the mandible

A

symphysial cartilage

21
Q

Upper jaw growth mechanisms:

A

suture
endochondral growth
remodelling

22
Q

Making room for lower teeth mechanisms:

A

remodelling - increases mandible

growth of secondary cartilage + condylar cartilage

Embryology (2 decks)

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