cranial specializations

Question 1

choana

Answer 1

passage between nose and mouth so that you can pull air through nose into lungs, leads to the development and sensory and respiratory modifications

Question 2

secondary palate

Answer 2

Mammals have a secondary palate
Provides separate passage for air and food, so you can breathe while your mouth is full
- breathe while eating/nursing

Question 3

What two bones form the jaw articulation in mammals?

Answer 3

dentary-squamosal joint ( dentary and squamosal)
Bones of the early amniote jaw are all replaced by the dentary in mammals
The quadrate-articular joint is replaced by the dentary-squamosal joint
The quadrate and articular become the malleus and incus of the mammalian middle ear

Question 4

hyomandibula in fish

Answer 4

suspends upper jaw → flexible jaw allows for suction

Question 5

hyostylic

Answer 5

upper jaw flexible and attached via hyomandibula

Question 6

autostylic

Answer 6

upper jaw fused to chondrocranium, hyomandibula free to assume different functions → stronger, sturdy jaw for tougher food sources, flexible jaw not advantageous on land

Question 7

zygomatic arch

Answer 7

in mammals, the jugal and squamosal make up the zygomatic arch