cranium - bones

Question 1

neurocranium (8 bones)

Answer 1

cranial vault, holds brain, meninges, nerves, vasculature

1 frontal 
1 ethmoid 
1 sphenoid 
1 occipital 
2 temporal 
2 parietal

Question 2

viscerocranium (15 bones)

Answer 2

1 mandible 
1 ethmoid **
1 vomer
2 maxilla 
2 inferior nasal concha (turbinate)
2 zygomatic 
2 palatine 
2 nasal
2 lacrimal

Question 3

frontal/metopic suture fuses at

Answer 3

typically 3 - 9 months of age

Question 4

coronal suture fuses at

Answer 4

full fusion around age 24

Question 5

sagittal suture begins to close around

Answer 5

age 29. completely closed by 25

Question 6

lambdoid suture fuses at

Answer 6

full fusion may never occur, but typically between 30 and 40

Question 7

anterior cranial fossa contains

Answer 7

frontal lobe of brain

Question 8

cribiform foramina in cribriform plate contains

Answer 8

axons of olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerve (CNI )

Question 9

middle cranial fossa contains

Answer 9

temporal lobes of brain

Question 10

optic canals contain

Answer 10

optic nerves CN II and ophthalmic arteries

Question 11

superior orbital fissure contains

Answer 11

ophthalmic veins 
ophthalmic nerve CN V1
oculomotor nerve CN III 3
trochlear nerve CN IV 4
abducens nerve CNVI 6
sympathetic fibers

Question 12

foramen rotunda contains

Answer 12

maxillary nerve CNV2

Question 13

foramen ovale contains

Answer 13

mandibular nerve CNV3

Question 14

foramen spinous contains

Answer 14

middle meningeal artery / vein

Question 15

foramen lacrem contains

Answer 15

nothing, but carotid artery passes over it

Question 16

carotid canal contains

Answer 16

internal carotid artery , sympathetic fibers

Question 17

posterior cranial fossa contains

Answer 17

cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 18

foramen magnum contains

Answer 18

spinal cord, meninges, vertebral arteries, dural veins, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 19

jugular foramen contains

Answer 19

glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX 
vagus nerve CN X 
spinal accessory nerve CN XI 
internal jugular vein 
inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

Question 20

hypoglossal canal contains

Answer 20

hypoglossal nerve CNXII

Question 21

internal auditory meatus contains

Answer 21

facial CNVII and vestibulocochlear nerves CNVIII

Question 22

dura mater is

Answer 22

thick, tough external fibrous layer

Question 23

arachnoid mater is

Answer 23

thin, NONVASCULAR, intermediate layer

Question 24

pia mater is

Answer 24

delicate internal vascular layer

Question 25

four dural infoldings:

Answer 25

1. falx cerebri 2. tentorium cerebelli 3. Falx cerebelli 4. diaphragma sellae

Question 26

falx cerebri

Answer 26

largest dural infolding separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 27

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 27

separates the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments

Question 28

falx cerebelli

Answer 28

partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

Question 29

diaphragm sellae

Answer 29

circular extension that forms a partial roof over the hypophyseal fossa

Question 30

vascular supply to dura mater

Answer 30

external corotid artery -> maxillary artery -> middle meningeal artery

Question 31

middle meningeal artery goes through

Answer 31

foramen spinosum

Question 32

nerve supply to dura mater

Answer 32

trigeminal (CN V1, V2, V3) ophthalmic N maxillary N mandibular N small mounts of fibers of C2, c3

Question 33

the only non-pathological meningeal space

Answer 33

subarachnoid space

Question 34

epidural space and subdural space do not

Answer 34

naturally exist unless in pathology

Question 35

diencephalon is composed of

Answer 35

pineal gland (epithalamus), thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 36

upper most area of the brainstem [midbrain] gives rise to

Answer 36

CN III and CN IV

Question 37

Pons gives rise to

Answer 37

CN V

Question 38

medulla oblongata gives rise to

Answer 38

CN IX, X, XII

Question 39

CN VI and VIII arise at

Answer 39

junction of medulla oblongata and pons

Question 40

CSF is produced by

Answer 40

the chloroform plexus at rate of 400 - 500 mL/ day

Question 41

lateral ventricles open up into

Answer 41

third ventricle via foramina of Monroe

Question 42

third ventricle is continuous with

Answer 42

cerebral aqueduct

Question 43

CSF drains from fourth ventricle to

Answer 43

single median aperture [of megendie] and paired lateral apertures of luschka into subarachnoid space

Question 44

CSF is absorbed into the venous system through

Answer 44

the arachnoid granulations

Question 45

internal carotids arise from

Answer 45

common carotid

Question 46

internal carotid enters carnival cavity via

Answer 46

carotid canal, passes over foramen lacer

Question 47

terminal branches of internal carotid =

Answer 47

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 48

vertebral arteries arise from

Answer 48

subclavian arteries

Question 49

vertebral arteries enter cranial cavity through

Answer 49

foramen magnum

Question 50

third ventricle lies between

Answer 50

two halves of diencephalon and is continuous with cerebral aqueduct

Question 51

internal carotid + vertebral arteries receive

Answer 51

1/6 of CO | 1/5 of the body's oxygen at rest

Question 52

olfactory N lies in

Answer 52

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 53

optic N exits cranial cavity through

Answer 53

OPTIC CANAL

Question 54

oculomotor exits cranial cavity through

Answer 54

superior orbital fissure

Question 55

Pia matter is highly

Answer 55

vascularized