Cranium & Facial Bones

Question 1

What forms the Anterior Cranial Fossa?

Answer 1

Frontal bone, ethmoid bone, and lesser wings of the sphenoid

Question 2

What houses the frontal lobes of the brain?

Answer 2

Anterior Cranial Fossa

Question 3

What forms the Middle Cranial Fossa?

Answer 3

Body of the sphenoid and temporal bones

Question 4

What does the Middle Cranial Fossa contain?

Answer 4

Temporal lobes, pituitary gland, hypothalamus

Question 5

What forms the Posterior Cranial Fossa?

Answer 5

Occipital and temporal bones

Question 6

What accommodates the cerebellum and brainstem?

Answer 6

Posterior Cranial Fossa

Question 7

Where is the Parietal Bone located?

Answer 7

Superior and lateral aspects of the cranium

Question 8

What are the unique structures of the Parietal Bone?

Answer 8

Parietal eminence, diploë

Question 9

Where is the Frontal Bone located?

Answer 9

Forehead and superior part of the orbits

Question 10

What are the unique structures of the Frontal Bone?

Answer 10

Frontal sinuses, supraorbital foramen/notch, glabella

Question 11

Where is the Ethmoid Bone located?

Answer 11

Between the orbits, forming part of the anterior cranial fossa

Question 12

What are the unique structures of the Ethmoid Bone?

Answer 12

Cribriform plate, crista galli, perpendicular plate, ethmoid air cells

Question 13

Where is the Sphenoid Bone located?

Answer 13

Central base of the skull

Question 14

What are the unique structures of the Sphenoid Bone?

Answer 14

Sella turcica, optic canals, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

Question 15

Where is the Occipital Bone located?

Answer 15

Posterior and inferior part of the cranium

Question 16

What are the unique structures of the Occipital Bone?

Answer 16

Foramen magnum, occipital condyles, external occipital protuberance

Question 17

Where is the Temporal Bone located?

Answer 17

Sides and base of the cranium

Question 18

What are the unique structures of the Temporal Bone?

Answer 18

Zygomatic process, external auditory meatus, mastoid process, petrous portion

Question 19

Where are the Nasal Bones located?

Answer 19

Bridge of the nose

Question 20

Where are the Lacrimal Bones located?

Answer 20

Medial wall of each orbit

Question 21

What unique structure do Lacrimal Bones form?

Answer 21

Lacrimal groove forming the nasolacrimal canal

Question 22

Where are the Palatine Bones located?

Answer 22

Posterior part of the hard palate and part of the floor of the nasal cavity

Question 23

Where are the Maxillary Bones located?

Answer 23

Upper jaw and part of the orbits

Question 24

What are the unique structures of the Maxillary Bones?

Answer 24

Maxillary sinuses, infraorbital foramen, alveolar process

Question 25

Where are the Zygomatic Bones located?

Answer 25

Cheekbones; form part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbits

Question 26

What unique structure do Zygomatic Bones form?

Answer 26

Temporal process forming the zygomatic arch

Question 27

Where are the Inferior Nasal Conchae located?

Answer 27

Lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Question 28

Where is the Vomer located?

Answer 28

Forms the inferior part of the nasal septum

Question 29

Where is the Mandible located?

Answer 29

Lower jawbone

Question 30

What are the unique structures of the Mandible?

Answer 30

Body, ramus, condylar process, coronoid process, mental foramen

Question 31

What structures are part of the External Ear?

Answer 31

Auricle (pinna), external auditory meatus

Question 32

What is the function of the External Ear?

Answer 32

Collects and directs sound waves toward the tympanic membrane

Question 33

What structures are part of the Middle Ear?

Answer 33

Tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), Eustachian tube

Question 34

What is the function of the Middle Ear?

Answer 34

Transmits and amplifies sound vibrations; equalizes air pressure via the Eustachian tube

Question 35

What structures are part of the Inner Ear?

Answer 35

Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

Question 36

What is the function of the Inner Ear?

Answer 36

Cochlea facilitates hearing; vestibule and semicircular canals maintain balance and spatial orientation

Question 37

What is the Coronal Suture?

Answer 37

Between frontal and parietal bones

Question 38

What is the Sagittal Suture?

Answer 38

Between the two parietal bones

Question 39

What is the Lambdoid Suture?

Answer 39

Between parietal and occipital bones

Question 40

What is the Squamosal Suture?

Answer 40

Between parietal and temporal bones

Question 41

What is the Anterior Fontanel?

Answer 41

Junction of frontal and parietal bones; closes by 18-24 months

Question 42

What is the Posterior Fontanel?

Answer 42

Junction of parietal and occipital bones; closes by 2-3 months

Question 43

What are the Sphenoid (Anterolateral) Fontanels?

Answer 43

Junction of frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones; close by 6 months

Question 44

What are the Mastoid (Posterolateral) Fontanels?

Answer 44

Junction of parietal, occipital, and temporal bones; close by 6-18 months

Question 45

What bones make up the Bony Orbit?

Answer 45

Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxillary, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid

Question 46

What does the Optic Canal transmit?

Answer 46

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 47

What does the Superior Orbital Fissure transmit?

Answer 47

Cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI

Question 48

What does the Inferior Orbital Fissure transmit?

Answer 48

Maxillary nerve (V2) and infraorbital vessels

Question 49

What structures are part of the Globe of the Eye?

Answer 49

Cornea, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve

Question 50

What is the function of the Globe of the Eye?

Answer 50

Facilitates vision by focusing light onto the retina

Question 51

What are the Rectus Muscles of the Eye?

Answer 51

Superior, inferior, medial, lateral

Question 52

What are the Oblique Muscles of the Eye?

Answer 52

Superior and inferior

Question 53

What is the function of the Rectus and Oblique Muscles?

Answer 53

Coordinate eye movements for proper visual tracking

Question 54

What are the Frontal Sinuses?

Answer 54

Located in the frontal bone; drain into the middle nasal meatus

Question 55

What are the Ethmoid Sinuses?

Answer 55

Located between the nose and eyes; drain into the superior and middle nasal meatuses

Question 56

What are the Sphenoid Sinuses?

Answer 56

Located in the sphenoid bone; drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 57

What are the Maxillary Sinuses?

Answer 57

Located in the maxillary bones; drain into the middle nasal meatus

Question 58

What is the Osteomeatal Unit?

Answer 58

Functional unit comprising the maxillary sinus ostium, ethmoid infundibulum, and middle meatus

Question 59

What is the function of the Osteomeatal Unit?

Answer 59

Facilitates drainage and ventilation of the frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoid sinuses

Question 60

What components form the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)?

Answer 60

Mandibular condyle articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Question 61

What is the Articular Disk in the TMJ?

Answer 61

Fibrocartilaginous structure dividing the joint into superior and inferior compartments

Question 62

What ligaments support the TMJ?

Answer 62

Temporomandibular, sphenomandibular, stylomandibular ligaments

Question 63

What is the function of the Masseter muscle?

Answer 63

Elevates the mandible

Question 64

What is the function of the Temporalis muscle?

Answer 64

Elevates and retracts the mandible

Question 65

What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?

Answer 65

Elevates and protrudes the mandible

Question 66

What is the function of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?

Answer 66

Depresses and protrudes the mandible; moves it side-to-side