Crash Course Flashcards
CVS/Resp/Liv/Uro/Loco/NS
What is Dictyocaulus viviparus? What does it look like? Host? Disease?
Bovine lungworm, that causes parasitic bronchitus (aka Husk) in Cattle.
What are the three important Ovine lungworms?
Dictyocaulus Filaria, Muellerius and Protostrongylus sp.
What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi? What is its host? What does it cause?
Equine lungworm. It can affect horses and donkeys. It causes chronic cough at rest or during excercise.
What is the important Pig lungworm? Where is it found in the lung? Why is it significant?
Metastrongius Spp. It is found in smaller bronchioles, and is very pathogenic.
What are the two important canine lungworms?
1) Angiostrongylus vasorum
2) Filaroides (or Oslerus) osleri
What is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus? Host?
It is the important feline lungworm.
What is Oestrus ovis better known as? Why is it significant?
It is the Sheep nasal bot fly. It can cause annoyance, but can also cause erosion of bones into brain and give “false gid”
What is Linguatula serrata? What does it look like? What are its final hosts?
“Tongue worm” but it is actually a crustacean. It looks tongue like, and infects cats and dogs.
What is Echinococcus granulosus? Why is it significantly significant? What is its final host? How can you recognise it?
E. granulosus causes hydatid disease. It’s definitive host is dog/fox. It is a tape worm, that has ~3 proglottids (small).
Which cestode is implicated in Alveolar hydatid disease? What are it’s hosts? What does an alveolar cyst look like?
Echinococcus multilocularis. It affects fox/dog/cat and IH is rodents. Alveolar cysts are like hydatid cyst, but daughters bud off internally and externally.
What is Fasciola hepatica? What does it look like? What is it’s intermediate host? Why is it significant?
Digean trematode also known as a Liver Fluke. It’s intermediate host is the mud snail (Galba trunculata). Migrates through liver and is destructive.
What is Babesia? How is it transmitted? What does it do in the host?
Blood-bourne tick-transmitted Protozoa. In cow, it multiplies in RBC, and bursts RBC = Haemolytic anaemia.
What two kinds of Babesia species are there? How do you recognise them? Which is pathogenically significant?
‘Small’ babesia e.g. B. divergens, which have cells on edge of RBC - pathogenic kind. ‘Large’ babesia e.g. B. major which is non-pathogenic.
What is Enzootic stability?
Many infected ticks (or IH) - Boosts immunity in a herd - Low incidence of disease.
What is Enzootic instability?
Few infected ticks - Immunity wanes or absent - high disease incidence.
What are Leishmania spp.? What are they transmitted by? What disease do they cause?
Leishmania spp are intracellular macrophage parasites, transmitted by Sandflies (Phlebotomus spp, Lutzomyia spp.) Cause Leishmaniosis.
What is Dirofilaria immitus? Why is it important? How is it spread?
Canine heartworm, cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs (can infect cats and ferrets) Spread by mosquito.
What is Toxoplasma? What is the important species? What is it’s definitive host? Why is it important?
Toxoplasma is a cyst-forming coccidia (protozoa). Only species = Toxoplasma gondii. Final host is cat. Important as it can cause abortion/neonatal death in sheep/humans.
What is Neospora? What is the important species? What is it’s definitive host? Why is it important?
Neospora is a cyst-forming coccidia. Species = Neospora caninum. It’s final host is the dog. Commonest cause of abortion in cattle.
Compare Neospora and Toxoplasma.
Neospora cyst’s have a thicker wall than Toxoplasma wall. Toxoplasma = Abortion in sheep/humans FH = Cat., Neospora = abortion in cattle. FH = dog.
What are the three important Locomotor parasites?
Sarcocystis, Taenia, Trichenella.
What is Sarcocystis? What is the important species? What is it’s final and IH hosts? Why is it significant?
Cyst-forming coccidia. S.cruzi has dog as final host and cattle as IH. Condemnation of carcasses due to Sarcocysts in muscle.
What are Taenia? Why are they significant? What is important about their final host/IH?
Taenia are tapeworms that live in SI. Metacestodes cause meat condemnation, and sometimes have their own name. Host specific (FH and IH)
What are the important human Taenia species (2)? What is their IH?
T.saginata: IH = cattle. Found in striated muscle esp. masseter and heart of cattle. T.solium: IH = pig. Cysticeri can develop in human brain.
