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Passice Vehicle And Traffic Safety > Crashworthiness > Flashcards

Crashworthiness Flashcards

1
Q

Explain procedure of accident reconstruction.

A

Accident Reconstruction
• Data Collection / Accident Investigation
–Accident type, vehicles, injuries
–Gross motions of vehicles and occupants
• Reconstruction
–Calculate severity
–Detailed simulation of system dynamics

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2
Q

Name a crash parameter related to velocity.

A

Crash Parameters
• Delta V:
–is NOT the speed of impact
–described the speed change during a
crash phase
–has been a historical measure of accident
severity

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3
Q

Explain Delta-v.

A
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4
Q

Explain relation Delta-V and accelerations.

A
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5
Q

How is Delta-V selected in oblique crashes?

A
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6
Q

Explain Energy in relation to crashes.

A

Energy
• EBS / BEV / EES / ETS
– equivalent impact speed for a rigid barrier test
– Energy Absorbed in vehicle damage is expressed as an
equivalent speed
E= 1/2 MV2
V=EBS/BEV/EES/ETS

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7
Q

Which are the two approaches to estimate crash severity?

A

Crash Dynamics
• Two Approaches to estimate the crash severity
– Momentum
– Energy

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8
Q

What does succesful momentum analysis needs?

A

Successful Momentum analysis needs:
– Accurate scene evidence
– Vehicle Masses
– Pre-impact speed

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9
Q

What does succesful Energy analysis needs?

A

Successful Energy analysis needs:
– Vehicle Stiffness data
– limited crash speed range (20-70 km/h)

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10
Q

How is momentum reconstructions performed?

A

Momentum Reconstructions
• Scene information:
– Road conditions, weather, location, road geometry
– vehicle orientation at impact
• Vehicle position at rest and/or some pre-impact information

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11
Q

Which are the equations for impact?

A
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12
Q

How to solve for unknown v in momentum reconstructions?

A
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13
Q

The relationship between restitution and velocity?

A
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14
Q

What are the limitations with momentum reconstruction?

A
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15
Q

Explain background for the crash model.

A
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16
Q

Explain the energy approach.

A
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17
Q

Explain the Energy calculation.

A
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18
Q

Explain differences between direct and induced damage?

A
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19
Q

Explain the crushable zone.

A
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20
Q

Equations acceleration and velocity in crash tests?

A
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21
Q

Equations velocity and displacement vehicle crash tests.

A
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22
Q

Differences between restrained and unrestrained occupant on velocity/time charts?

A
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23
Q

Explain Force Deformation Characteristics.

A
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24
Q

Curve vehicle deceleration.

A
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25
Q

General structure of car?

A
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26
Q

Which are the load paths?

A
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27
Q

Explain phases of vehicle deceleration.

A
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28
Q

Vehicle deceleration force curves.

A
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29
Q

Detailed load paths?

A
30
Q

Explain Estimation of structure force.

A
31
Q

Explain the compromise of compatibility/aggressivity.

A

Compatibility/Aggressivity
• Vehicle structural response can be considered to consist of a
“compromise”
– Self Protection: Can the vehicle protect its own occupants?
– Aggressivity: Does the vehicle protect itself at the expense of
its collision partner?

32
Q

Which are the Compatibility Categories?

A

Compatibility Categories
• Mass - What kinetic energy is involved?
• Stiffness - How strong is the structure?
• Structural Interaction - How does the structure respond with the
crash partner’s structures?

33
Q

Explain the compatibility problem.

A
34
Q

if the mass ratio of two colliding vehicles
is 2:1, how large is the fatality risk for occupants in the
smaller vehicles.

A
35
Q

Explain Force Level Compatibility.

A
36
Q

Explain Stiffness compatibility.

A
37
Q

Describe Fixed Barrier Crash Test
Problem (1).

A
38
Q

Explain Fixed Barrier Crash Test
Problem (2).

A
39
Q

Describe the GS diagrams.

A
40
Q

How to calculate vehicle stiffness?

A
41
Q

Describe vehicle deceleration and deformation.

A
42
Q

Describe Structural Interaction.

A

Structural Interaction
• Can the structures absorb the energy in an effective manner
• Self protection parameter
• Pole impacts, offset impacts

43
Q

What will happen?

A
44
Q

Explain the concept of alignment in car-to-car crash.

A
45
Q

Explain C3 deformation for mis-aligned situations?

A
46
Q

In frontal crashes, compatibility is influenced by:

A

In frontal crashes, compatibility is influenced by:
– Vehicle mass (which influences stiffness)
– Structural interaction
– Compartment strength is a prerequisite.
• Fixed barrier tests create mass dependency
• Vehicle “Stiffness” measured in barrier tests is not necessarily
the same in a vehicle-vehicle crash

47
Q

How can we get vehicles to interact?

A
48
Q

Explain physical deformable barrier.

A
49
Q

Explain progressive deformable barrier.

A
50
Q

Dimensions in Front and Side impact.

A
51
Q

Explain challenges with side impact.

A
52
Q

What are common injuries for side impact? What about restraints?

A
53
Q

Explain ECER95.

A
54
Q

Explain the moving deformable barrier

A
55
Q

How is Delta-v defined?

A

Delta-v=v_after-v_before

56
Q

Describe Side Impact Design.

A
57
Q

Geometry for car in side structure.

A
58
Q

Describe deformation mode in side impact.

A
59
Q

Occupant kinematic behavior in side impact?

A
60
Q

Velocity Time History Side Impact.

A
61
Q

Displacement in Velocity-Time History.

A
62
Q

Elaborate on Door Padding Side Impact.

A
63
Q

Compatibility modes for side impact?

A
64
Q

Most important notes on side impact.

A

Side Impact less sensitive to mass and stiffness
–Already huge difference in stiffness for front and
side structures
• Most critical issue is the geometry of the impacting
vehicle
–Important to not load high on the vehicle side
–Reduce intrusion and intrusion velocity on
occupant

65
Q

Most common crash types?

A

Rear-crashes

66
Q

Rear Impacts.

A

Rear Impacts
• The most common crash type producing injuries
• Not necessarily the most severe crash type encountered
– Relative speed at impact can be lower than travel speed of
striking vehicle
• Historic main feature for rear impact it protection of fuel system

67
Q

Span of impact energies?

A
68
Q

Describe Front Component Pedestrian Impact.

A
69
Q

Describe Sensitivity to Bullet Mass.

A
70
Q
A

Passice Vehicle And Traffic Safety (9 decks)

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