Creation of fascist dictatorship between 1922-26 Flashcards
In nov 1922 how many fascists deputies were in parliament and how many socialists?
35 fascists compared to 123 socialists
Who did mussolini appoint as minister of finance and why?
De’Stefani
Helped gain the support of the conservative industrialists who were reassured that the appointment if mussolini would not result in major economic changes
When did mussolini announce that a compromise had been reached between PNF and ANI?
28th October 1922
When was the ANI completely absorbed into the fascists and why was this important?
- feb 1923
- it was important as the ani was a powerful rival and now the png was the only party representing Italian nationalism
Who did mussolini appoint as the minister of work and welfare and what did this achieve?
- Cavazzoni - ppi member
- cavazzoni encouraged the party to collaborate with mussolini
When did the PPI leader Luigi sturzo resign and why?
- July 1923
- Felt the party was too absorbed by the fascists
What encourage the Vatican to support the pnf?
- mussolini’s pro-catholic policies
When was mussolini’s maiden speech?
16 nov 1922
What did the speech consist of?
- mussolini said he required a year of emergency power in order to carry out any reforms that Italy required
- warned parliament that he had 300,000 young men ready to take violent action
How many votes did the year of emergency powers receive and what did this mean?
305 votes for vs 116 against
- it meant that mussolini could not be removed by parliament and had full power to govern and raise taxes without seeking parliamentary approval
When was the grand fascist council created and what was its role?
- dec 1922
- discuss key policy and had the same position as the cabinet
why was introducing the fascist grand council important?
- helped mussolini overcome his weak position in the cabinet and under the liberal gov institutions by bypassing them
- mussolini had the sole ability to appoint its members so had centralised power of the party
When was the MVSN created and why was it important?
- Jan 1923
- absorbed the squadristi and formalised their role as the paramilitary force whose job it was to support the police and army in defending the fascist rev
Why did mussolini want to bring an end to the fascist violence?
- he felt it was detrimental to continue
- fascism was now in power and chance for socialist revolution had disappeared continuing the violence would be seen in a negative way
Why did the king, army and liberal elites support the formation of the MVSN?
- Beloved it was better if the blackshirts were under the power of the government and not the leadership of the ras
How many members did the party now have?
783,000
What was the acerbo law?
- proposed 2/3 of the parliamentary seats would go to the party who won more than 25% of the votes
Why was the acerbo law put in place?
The method of proportional representation did not allow a party to receive a majority
Who opposed the acerbo law and who supported it?
- opposed: PCI and PSI
- supported: liberal elites like giolitti, the king and Vatican
In which cities were demonstrations held to put to apply pressure for the acerbo law?
Tuscany and umbria
When were the general elections held?
6 April 1924
What was the pnf electoral victory helped by?
- orlando and salandra included themselves on the gov electoral list alongside the fascists
- pci, psi and ppi and liberals were not able to lead a united front against mussolini
What was the electoral turnout for the pnf and how many seats did they win?
64%
35–>275
Who was Matteotti and what did his speech consist of?
- pci leader
- asserted that the fascists only won the elections due to the consequence of obscene violence and were determined to establish a dictatorship no matter what the result of the elections
- said he had amassed file of party corruption that he would make public
