Creativity Flashcards by Heather Gullstrand

First wave 1950s and 60s

personality study of creators

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Economy and creativity

shorter production cycles
jobs that don’t require creativity moved to other countries
increases wealth and leisure time is increasing demand for creative industries

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Second Wave 1970-1980

cognitive approach focused on imternal processes that occur when creating

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Third Wave 1980-1990

sociocultural approach focused on creative societal systems

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New Wave - Sawyer

creative individual
contexts of creativity
creative domains

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Why should we study creativity?

identify everyones unique talents
help leaders to respond to challenges
help us to be better problem solvers
help teachers to be more effective
realize health impacts of peak experiences ( flow)

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Individualist Definition of Creativity

a new combination of mental elements already in possession of the mind (associationism)

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sociocultural definition of creativity

the generation of a product that is deemed appropriate, useful or valuable by a domain, field, or group.

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requisite for creativity

novel and appropriate

useful and good

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5 types of creativity

expressive
productive
inventive
innovative
emergentive

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Expressive Creativity

quality and originality is not important e.g. drawings of children

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pro-c

professional expertise in a creative domain, but does not transform

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mini-c

when children discover something for the first time

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big C creativity

solutions to extremely difficult problems

significant works of genius

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little c creativity

includes “first time” activities that people engage in everyday:
improvising ingredients in a recipe
discovering a new traffic route
baby stuffing peas in its nose(!)

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productive creativity

artistic and scientific products that restrict and control free play
developed techniques for producing finished products

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inventive creativity

inventors
explorers
discoverers

ingenuity displayed with materials, methods, techniques

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emergentive creativity

an entirely new principle or assumption around which new schools flourish

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Four Ps of Creativity

product
person
process
press (pressure)

Creativity research emerged after this war

WW 2

creativity emerges in these environments:

non-authoritarian
no fear of censure
freedom to express oneself
no concern about evaluation

current concept of creativity is how many years old?

200 years in the western world

the shift from craft to art happens over time

e.g. photagraphy- move from technology to art

Kratus

age and experience play a role in creativity
wanted to know if audiation played a role in creativity

creativity is defined as fixed, replicable sequences of pitches and durations

fluid thoughts and actions of the composer

audiation

inner hearing (internalisation)

Peter Webster's model of creative thinking supports the notion of

audiation

Kratus' research examined the compositional process in this was:

he studied 5 second intervals over a span of 10 minutes

Kratus correlations

positive between audiation and the songs cohesiveness

Burnard approaches

ethnographic multi or mixed methods design studied the meaning of improvisation and composition in children

Burnard

students drew pictures, described musical journey as a river, reflected on the compositional process model for relationship between improv and composition

Construct validity

does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?

Face validity

is it OBVIOUS that a test measures what it is supposed to measure

convergent validity

other related measures are related

discriminant validity

measures that should not be related aren't

concurrent validity

does the test correlate well with a previously validated measure

predictive validity

does the test predict performance in the real world?

Consensual assessment technique

when 2 or more judges rate creativity

creative personality scale

RAT

remote associations test | combines 2 distant concepts to determine creativity

divergent thinking tests

how many uses can you find for a paper clip? Guilford: divergent thinking involves these abilities: fluency flexibility originality elaboration

TTCT

Torrence tests of creative thinking | developed to identify gifted and talented students

divergent thinking tests

are not valid measures of real world creativity, but are a component along with critical evaluation, of creativity

IQ of 120

is necessary for adult eminence, beyond 120 is not predictive

Davidson (1985 study)

longitudinal study of 9 preschool students original song characteristics studied tonal contour mapped melody contours

Margaret Barrett (1996study)

studied 137 student compositions form utilized repetition and closure students age 9-10 can compose with meaning (opposing the theory of Swanwick and Tillman)

Hickey (2001study)

application of Amabile's consensual assessment technique uses experts global and subjective assessment of creative efforts uses a panel of judges

Marsh study (1995)

enthnographic study which addressed Swanick and Tillmans musical development model advocates NOT underestimating children's creative abilities reorgaization, elaboration, condensing or omission of pre-existing musical ideas