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Toxicology credit test 2 > credit test 2 > Flashcards

credit test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When administrate morphine into mouse tail it get a cramp. what is it called?

A

Straub/straut reaction (S shape)

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2
Q

What measures effects of ammonia?

A

Temperature

pH

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3
Q

What do we measure to find CO in blood?

A

Carbonylhemoglobin

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4
Q

Tansy contain:

A

Thujon (neurotoxic , hepatotoxic)

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5
Q

Zinc phosphates affect mostly

A 
Birds of prey
Pheasant
Eagles
Wild animals
Hares
All organs -necrosis of stomach
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6
Q

Secondary phototoxic agents are?

A

Chlororphyll (convert to phylloerythrin)

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7
Q

Toxicity test include

A

Risk and safety sentences

R57 about bees

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8
Q

What does anticoagulative rodenticides block?

A

Vit. K cycle

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9
Q

Ammonia LD for salmons are

A

LD=0.5 mg/l

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10
Q

Ammonia LD for carps are

A

LD=1.0 mg/l

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11
Q

What are te clinical signs for salt intoxication?

A 
Thirst
Paralysis (pigs sitting like dogs)
Increase salivation
oedema
vomiting
diarrhoea, constipation
Colic 
Normal TRIAS
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12
Q

What do we test the sediment for?

A

Heavy metals

Pesticides

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13
Q

Death of deer in rape toxicosis is caused by?

A

S-methylcysteinsulfoxide (SMCSO), a haemolytic AA
kidney failure
Severe GIT problems
Hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

Optimum pH in water is

A

6.5-6.8

ph can be used to measure the toxicity of ammonium

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15
Q

What substances gives GIT irritation and is immunesuppressive?

A

Trichotecens

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16
Q

Azalea contains?

A

Cardio active glucosides

Honey within the plant is also poisonous

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17
Q

Botulism is treated by?

A

Physostigmin

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18
Q

How do we detect Zinc phosphide poisoning?

A

Check the content of the stomach

Levels of phosphane gas

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19
Q

What belongs to organophosphate poisoning? How is it measure and determine OP?

A 
Fluro - cyanophosphates
Pyrophosphoric acid
Thiophosphoric acid
Butyrycholinesterase in plasma/blood
   ->inhibit AChE/ButyrylcholineE=accum. of ACh=excitation
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20
Q

What plants contain furanocoumarins?

A 
Cow parsnip
St. John´s
Hypericum
Buckwheat
Are all primary phototoxic
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21
Q

What is Strychinine?

A

Pesticide

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22
Q

What are clinical signs of anticoagulative rodenticides?

A

Bleeding from nose, mouth, anus

Anemia

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23
Q

Samples taken for clinical examination;

A 
Blood
Urine 
Feathers/Fur
Feaces 
Vomit
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24
Q

Samples sent to lab. in fish poisonings

A

5-20 fish of 1 species
2-4 L of water
2 KG of sediment

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25
Carbamates bind to
Bytylcholinesterase Acetylcholinesterase Atropine
26
CO blocks
Hemoglobin | Myoglobin
27
Official limit of Cl in water is
100 mg/l
28
Pesticides belong
Chlorinated insecticides Pyrethrins/pyrethroids Organophosphates/Carbamates Fipronil
29
What is used to detect CO in blood?
Carbonylhemoglobin /carboxyhemoglobin Cherry red blood + mucosa non-coagulated blood
30
What inhibit GABA?
HCH Fipronil Pyrethroid of CS type
31
Minemate disease caused by?
Methylmercury
32
Jimson weed
Contains atropine Alkaloid Hyperthermia Contain atropine alkaline
33
When do we take sediment for testing?
In Fish poisoning
34
Which fungi cause ochractoxin A?
Penicillium | Asperigillus
35
Which are organophosphate pesticides?
DDT | HCH
36
What is the antidotes in organophosphates?
Atropine | Oxims! (reactivate of AChE)
37
Characteristics of DDT:
Accumulates in fat Destroy Na channels Alter Calcium metabolism
38
Fuminosids cause:
Equine leukoencephalomalacia | Porcine pulmonary oedema
39
What is typical for infectious diseases?
Fever Swelling/oedema of spleen and LN Spread gradually
40
How do we determine NaCl conc. ?
Titration | Chromatographically
41
what affects acetylcholinesterase?
Organophosphates | Carbamates
42
Pyrethrins/pyrethroids functions:
``` Insectecides Influence Na (sodium) channel and GABA receptors and Ca2+ receptors ```
43
Trichotecens functions?
``` Gastrotoxic vomiting inappeteance immunosuppression hepatotoxic ```
44
Organophosphates administration/treatment
Atropine | Oxoins -Reactivators of ACHoxoins
45
What causes porcine mycotoxin nephropathy?
Ochratoxin A
46
Ergot cockle
Product of Calviceps purpuea (parasite on rye) Alkaloid Signs are convulsions, abortions, hallucinations, maniacal depressions
47
Zearalenon (in Maize)
``` Estrogenic effect Cause vulvovaginitis abortions Problem with conceiving/reproduction Disturbance of sexual hormones ```
48
Salt intoxication result in
disturbance osmotic balance (dehydration of cells, increase permeability)
49
Nitrite treatment by (NO2-)
``` Methylene blue (never in meat production animals) Vit.C ```
50
What does hemlock cause?
Suffocation
51
What does rapeseed contain?
S-methylsuphonides
52
What causes methaemoglobin? | Has methemoglobinisation activity
Methylmercury (minemata) | Nitrites NO2-
53
Amount of nitrites in drinking water should be
0.5 mg/l for adults/animals | 0 mg/l infants
54
Methaemoglobin formed from?
Nitrites | Microorganism
55
Main organ for autopsy is
Liver
56
Organophosphates bind
irreversibly Atropine Oximes Enzymes - AChE
57
Pyrethrins is toxic to
Bees Fish Cats (due to low Glucuronyl transferase)
58
DDE
Xenoestrogenic
59
Proven to be carcinogenic are
Alfatoxins B1 | Nitrosamines
60
What affinity of CO do we have when binding to haem?
x240 higher than O2 | fetalHb x300
61
What is banned in Stockholm convention?
POPs - Annex A (elimination!) Aldrin, Chlordan, Dieldrin, endring, mirex, HCH, hepatochlor, toxafen, PCB
62
Nitrate NO3 limit in water is
50 mg/l Adult/animal | 15 mg/l infants
63
What colour is blood in nitrate intoxication?
Normal - (nitrate=brown)
64
What binds to the enzyme AChE? what does OP bind to?
Atropine | Oximes
65
What are banned?
HCH | PCB
66
Ergot Cockle contains?
Alkaloids | Mycotoxins
67
What can you check for/in warfarin toxicity?
Quick test PMCA test (PIVKA test) Liver sample
68
Rodenticide used since ancient times?
Scilleroside
69
What does hemlock do? (containing Coniin)
``` Distrubs ACH receptors Irritates GIT (coniin) Paralysis of motoric+ bulla centres in brain Full consciousness Suffocation ```
70
Types of rodenticides are
Zinc phosphide Cholecalciferol (vit.D) Scillerosides Couramines - Anticoagulants
71
Treatment course of NaCl + Nitrate intoxication
water 0.5% of bw every hours (Never! ad libitum) | change feed+water
72
Clinical signs of Nitrite (NO2-) poisoning
``` Paralysis Vasodilation collapse hypoxia asphyxia ```
73
Active substance in Crown vetch?
Cardio active glucosides | Coronillin
74
What do you measure pesticides with?
Gas chromatography | Blood plasma
75
Patullin
Bind to SH groups Changes function of enzymes Increases permeability of cell membranes
76
Colour of blood in Nitrite poisoning?
Brown
77
Ochratoxins
Inhibit proteosynthesis in exchange for phenylprelaine
78
Treatment if anticoagulative rodenticides ?
Activated Vit. K1 (admin s.c.) | Activated charcoal
79
What inhibit GABA?
HCH Pyrethroids of CS type Tremorgernic mycotoxins Phenylpyrazoles e.g Fibronil
80
Lab. diagnostic of mycotoxins by?
HPLC = liquid chromatography | Gas chromatography
81
What is only associated in food/feces?
Trichothecans
82
What causes alopecia?
Cohlchinae - Autumn crocus Triothecans - fusarium mycotoxin Thallium
83
What is secondary poisoning?
Eating dead rodents that dies from poisoning
84
What substances undergo enterohepatic cycling?
Thallium Ocratoxins Zearalenone
85
Treatment of thallium poisoning?
Prussian blue
86
What has garlic smell in post mortem?
Phosphate poisoning (Zn phosphide)
87
Name alkaloid substances
Strycnine | Anticoagulative rodenticides
88
Active form of Vit. K is?
Quinone
89
Forms of ergot poisoning?
SH groups of proteins changing the function of enzymes | Increase permeability of membrane
90
Tricothecans
``` Fusarium mycotoxin T2 toxin Excreted from feces and urine Residues in body, ONLY food/feed Inhibit peptidyltransferase Damage DNA+RNA ```
91
Fusonamides (fumonisines)
Interfere with sphingolipid metabolism | Fetal in Eq and Su
92
Determination of methemoglobin by
Spectrometry | Chromatography
93
Lack of sphingolipids causes which diseases?
Equine leukoencephalomalacia | Porcine pulmonary oedema
94
What belongs to pesticides?
PCB HCH DDT
95
CO (carbon monoxide) binds to?
inhibit binding of ozygen to Fe3+ | Proteins and enzymes which take part in oxidative phosphorylation (i.e. cyt. C oxidase, cyt. P450)
96
Carbamates bind to?
Acetylcholine Acetylcholinesterase Na channels (reversible binding)
97
Colchine
Inhibit cell division and movement | Binds to tubulin
98
What samples are NOT taken during clinical examination?
Bile | Bone
99
Lily of the valley function is?
Cardioactive glucosides
100
Which fish test is done under 4 days?
Semi static | Static tests
101
Metal poisoning in honey bees
Arsenic
102
COD measures:
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) (non-direct method) Biological degradable and non-degradable substances mg/L Detect value of organic compound in water by ions that reduce the company with help of oxygen
103
What toxin is in foxglove?
Cardioactive glucosides Digoxin Digitoxin
104
OECD 423
``` Acute toxic class method Classified according to GHS ```
105
BOD measures:
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) | organic degradable
106
What is important to check in fish poisoning?
Oxygen Gills Clinical signs (not in lab. at the place of poisoning)
107
Butulin is?
``` Alimentary poisoning Neurotoxin Inhibit ACh Paralysis of mimic muscles Paralysis of muscle of head and neck in birds ```
108
Death of deer by rape toxicosis is caused by?
Severe GIT problems | Hemolytic anemia
109
Botulism causes and treated by:
Inhibits ACh release and cause blockage of neurotransmitters apathy, fatigue Loss of stability, paralysis no palpebral reflex death due to collapse of resp. muscles Treatment: symptomatic, gastrolavage, emetics ->only of no signs of paralysis Activated charcoal and Physostigmin
110
In zinc phosphide poisoning we detect? (CS)
Nausea Vomiting Colic with bloody excrements Bloating patho. gastritis, enteritis w/haemorrhages, necrosis, petechias on serosa, brain, endothelium Examination of GIT content -> has garlic smell
111
What plants contain furanocoumarins?
St. John´s Hypericum Cow parsnip Buckwheat
112
What is Strychnine
Alkaloid
113
R57
Very toxic to bees
114
R51, R52, R53
``` Toxicity to fish 1-10 10-100 Long term H401, H402, H413 ```
115
What is used for detection of CO in blood?
Cherry red colour of blood Non-coagulative blood Measure Carbonylhemoglobin
116
What is true about the directives
regulated by R/S sentences | R57 very toxic for bees
117
Clinical signs of salt intoxication:
Salivation,thirst, vomiting, diarrhoea, colic pain, oedemas, coordination disturbances, epileptic attack, paresis, paralysis
118
When do we take sediments for testing?
Pesticide, PAH, metal contamination
119
Rapeseed are toxic because of the presence of
S-methylcysteinsulfoxide - hemlytic AA
120
In anticoagulative rodenticide we can observe:
``` Spontaneous bleeding (nose, mouth, anus), weakness, sleepiness, apathy,hematuria, melon, anaemia, bleeding after small injuries, weak pulse, low temp. s.c. and mayo bleeding , haemorrhage diathesis Animals dies from hypovolaemia and anemia ```
121
Botulin types:
``` Type A-G Cattle=BDC Eq=B Birds and CA=C Cats=Resistant ```
122
Limits of pH in water are
6.5-8.5 (salmon death <4.2 >9.2) (carp death <5 >10.8)
123
What do Solanacea plants cause in horses?
Z´dar horse hepatotoxic
124
Characteristics of DDT
``` Accumulation in fat Slow conversion DDT->DDE->DDD by eating or contact Effect nervous system Na channels=repolarisation Malacia (softening of eggshells) Mousy smell from GIT DDE has xenoestrogenic effect ```
125
Parasympathicus activates
Hypersalivation | Increase motility of GIT
126
Used rodenticide
Inorganic=Zinc phosphide | Organic=Cholecalciferol, scilliroside, anticoagulative (warfarin) and Strychnine
127
Immunesuppressive and gastronomic is
Fusarium Mycotoxin = Tricotecens
128
Minemata disease is causing:
Neural disorders | Brain disorders
129
Which of those substances have Methaemoglobin activity?
Paracetamol | Also Benxocain, lidocaine, Phenacetin, analgesics
130
Old man's beard
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids -> Senecin, Senecinonin Z´dar disease in horses Chronic
131
NH3 (ammonia) levels in water depends on
pH Temp. These can be used to test if NH3 level are toxic
132
Strychnine - rodenticide
Alkaloid, inhibit glycine receptors in spine, medulla oblongata leading to clonic/chronic seizures
133
Senecio ssp. Senecin , Senecionin causes
Z´dar disease in horses, hepatotoxic , alkaloid
134
What plant has methhaemoglobin effect?
Nitrite plants - Brassicaeae in polygastric
135
Eq leukoencephalomalacia and Porcine pulmonary oedema is caused by?
Fuminosines
136
Methaemoglobin is formed from?
Fe2+ to Fe3+ (in Nitrite conversion) | Microorganism (in methyl mercury)
137
Azalea contains/are?
Are flowers from Rhododendron, containing cardio active glucosides which block Na/K ATPase pump leading to accumulation of Na+ and hyperexitability, causing spams and contractility and positive inotropic effect
138
Monster fruit, Flamingo flower and Dumbcane contain
Chronic oxalates | damage kidneys esp. in cats
139
Azalen, Kalanchoe are
Cardioactive glucosides
140
Draceen, Mother-in-law-tongue, and Persian cyclamen :
Saponines | Cause volition , diarrhea
141
Christmas star, Christ thorn and Croton contain
latex with milk | Are dermatotoxic
142
Hippeastrum "Bell-like-flower" are
neurotoxic alkaloids

Toxicology credit test 2 (1 decks)

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