Credit test Flashcards
(183 cards)
1
Q
A cataract operation is indicated to
A
Restore visual acuity and for congenital and traumatic cataracts.
2
Q
A child with strabismus has to wear prescribed glasses
A
Accommodative esotropia - 50% success?
3
Q
A newborn child with bilateral dense cataract should be operated
A
as soon as possible (usually before 2 months as it leads to amblyopia).
4
Q
A normal human cornea is
A
11.5mm diameter, and 0.5-0.6mm thick in centre and 0.6-0.8mm at the periphery.
Refractive power is ~43D.
5
Q
A patient with anterior uveitis feels
A
Pain constantly, worse during accommodation and sharp light.
6
Q
A patient with suspected retinal detachment is examined by
A
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) or with the indirect ophthalmoscope.
7
Q
A peripheral iridectomy is indicated in
A
Angle closure glaucoma
8
Q
Acute conjunctivitis is
A
Common, bilateral, mucopurulent, glossy, transparent cornea, normal IOP and normal visual acuity.
Treated with antibiotics.
9
Q
Acute iritis is
A
Photophobia, blepharospasm, little reflex lacrimation, decreased vision, miotic pupil (pinhole). Treated with steroids.
10
Q
After an ocular trauma caused by work with a hammer and chisel, metal
A
Xray?
11
Q
After strabismus surgery
A
Close eyes
12
Q
Age related macular degeneration does NOT end with
A
Complete blindness
13
Q
Amblyopia can be found in
A
Concomitant strabismus
14
Q
Amblyopia is found most often in
A
Young children
15
Q
Amblyopia usually starts in
A
Young children
16
Q
An emmetropic patient needs at the age of 45 years usually presbyopic correction
A
of +1D
17
Q
Anisometripia means
A
a different refractive power in each eye
18
Q
Anterior chamber is the chamber between
A
The cornea and the iris
19
Q
Aphakiais
A
the absence of the lens of the eye due to surgical removal, a perforating wound or ulcer, or congenital anomaly.
20
Q
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is treated by
A
Steroids (start with oral prednisone 80mg/day and/or i.v. hydrocortisone 250mg/day with slowly decreasing dose according to the ESR value)
21
Q
Astigmatism is
A
The different refraction of the eye at different meridians
22
Q
Atopic or anaphylactic immunological (type 1) is
A
Acute allergic conjunctivitis
23
Q
Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated by
A
Antibiotic drops and ointment
24
Q
Bacterial corneal ulcers we do NOT use
A
Corticosteroids
25
Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid
Does not metastasise but infiltrates into the orbit
26
Bitemporal hemianopia is caused by
A lesion pressing on the optic chiasm
27
Bleeding into the anterior chamber is called
Hyphema
28
Blowout fracture is caused by
Blunt trauma of the head
29
By what is siderosis of the eye caused by?
Iron
30
Cataract can be caused by
Long term local or systemic administration of corticosteroids
31
Cataracts are treated by
Surgery
32
Causes of sudden unilateral blindness can be
lesion of the optic nerve occlusion of the central retinal artery, AION
33
Central scotoma in perimetry is caused by
```
Optic neuritis (in MS) and compressive lesions of the optic nerve (unilateral).
Bilateral differential diagnosis includes nutritional deficiencies, toxic optic neuropathy and hereditary disorders.
```
34
Chalcosis is caused by chronic
Copper poisoning or a copper foreign body.
35
Clinical signs of anterior uveitis
Blepharospasm, little reflex lacrimation, decreased (impaired) vision, miotic pupil, pain, posterior synechial opacities, aqueous flare, pseudohypopyon.
36
Congenital cataract is NOT caused by
Trauma
37
Contact lens wearing is identified as a risk factor or
Conjunctivitis, bilateral keratitis
38
Corneal erosion is treated
By patch and ointment
39
Corneal wound healing may be adversely affected by
Steroids
40
Dacryocystitis is infection/inflammation
Of the lacrimal/nasolacrimal sac, frequently caused by nasolacrimal duct obstruction
41
Damage of the visual pathways in the tractus opticus causes
Homonymous hemianopia
42
Diabetic ocular complications can be found
In preventative complications and include retinopathy, cataracts, and blindness.
43
Ectropion means
Outward turning of the lower lid
44
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is caused by
Adenovirus (causes corneal complications)
45
Damage of the visual pathways in the optic tract causes
Homonymous hemianopia
46
Diabetic ocular complications
Can be found in preventative examination
47
Exotropia means
Divergent strabismus
48
Firstaid in alkali eye burns is
Immediate long lasting irrigation with water
49
First air chemical burns of the eye
Immediate irrigation with water and NaCl
50
First choice medicaments in open angle glaucoma are
B-blockers, hyper-osmotic agents, pilocarpine
51
For simple background diabetic retinopathy are typical
Infarcts, heart exudate?
52
Fovea centralis is
area of acute/sharp visions (only cones)
53
Gonioscopy is an examination method for
anterior chamber angle measurement
54
Hemicrania is present in
acute glaucoma (persistent pain in one side of head
55
Homonimous defect of visual field are cuased by
lesion in parietal lobe/lesion behind optic chiasm
56
Homonymous hemianopia is caused by
lesion in optic tract
57
Horner's syndrome is caused by
spiral sympathetic nerve damage
58
Horner's syndrome is characterised by
enophthalmus, miosis, ptosis, anhydriasis
59
How is acute glaucoma treated?
Iridectomy, topical miotics, IV hyperosmotic agents, B-blokers and carboanhydrase inhibitors
60
Hyphaemais a term for
blood in anterior chamber
61
Hypopyon means
Pus in the bottom of anterior chamber
62
In acute perforation of the eye we do NOT find
Lagophthalmos (inability to close the eyelids completely (cornea will be hypertonic, the anterior chamber will be shallow, there will be a decreased in visual acuity)).
63
In bacterial conjunctivitis
Mucopurulent discharge (not iris discolouration).
64
In glaucoma de the colour of the eye is
Normal
65
In herpes simplex epithelial keratitis
Hypoaesthesia of cornea
66
In hypermetropia distant objects are focused
Behind retina
67
In hypermetropia we prescribe
Stronger convex lens/glasses
68
In infantile glaucoma
Enlarged eyeball, increased IOP
69
In keratitis, caused by herpes simplex virus
Dendritis, stained with fluorescence
70
In keratoconus following statement is NOT true
keratoplastia contraindicated
71
In myopia the parallel rays entering the eye focus
before retina
72
In open angle glaucoma there is NO alteration of the
lens, AC
73
In paralytic strabismus this statement is NOT correct
Amblyopia is present (only diplopia is present), amblyopia is present in child strabismus because neuroplasticity of the brain suppresses one of the images)
74
In perimetric examination of the visual field the blind spot is found
20 degrees nasal
75
In primary open angle glaucoma
Bilateral visual field defects
76
In progressed cataract usually
has normal light projection
77
In rupture of the globe which actions are NOT to take
test visual acuity (you should patch the eye and sedate)
78
In treatment of acute conjunctivitis
Antibiotics
79
In traumatic corneal erosion
No steroids
80
in which part of the eye melanoma can NOT be found
Lens
81
Indication for corneal transplant (keratoplasty)
Optical, therapeutic, acute, cosmetic/corneal scar, inflammation, trauma
82
Is retinoblastoma bilateral ?
25% of the time
83
Javal's ophthalmometer measures
Anterior curvature of cornea, astigmatism of cornea
84
Keratic precipitates
Cells on the posterior surface of the cornea found in anterior uveiitis
85
Keratoplasty is performed for
corneal scar, inflammation, trauma
86
Lagophthalmos is treated by
ointment for long term
87
Leukocoria means
White mass behind pupil, white pupillary reflex in children
88
Macula lutea is the term for
High acuity vision, presence of high density of cones
89
Management of corneal foreign body
Local anaesthetic, extract foreign body and antibiotics
90
Management of lagophthalmos
Long term ointment and surgery
91
Metastases of malignant melanoma of the uvea involve mostly
Liver, lung, less to bone and skin
92
Mydriatic drugs can cause in predisposed patients
Acute close angle glaucoma
93
Myopia is
Shortsightedness
94
Neovascularisations are seen in diabetic patients in
all parts
95
Ocular signs of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis are
keratoplasty and cataracts and iridocyclitis
96
Open angle glaucoma is NOT treated by
steroid eyedrops
97
Ophthalmic complications of DM is treated by
laser photocoagulation
98
Ophthalmoscopy can NOT be performed by
Electric torch
99
Ophthalmoscopy id indicated for
retinal detachment, glaucoma, macular degerneration, melanoma
100
Ophthalmoscopy is used for examination of
retina, optic disc, macula
101
Optotypes used to test
visual acuity
102
Panretinal photocoagulation is used in
diabetic retinopathy
103
Paracentral arcuate scotomas are found in
glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma)
104
Paralytic strabismus (squint) symptoms include
diplopia
105
Parasympaticolytic drugs cause
mydriasis (atropine)
106
Pars plana vitectomy for ocular diabetic retinopathy is
performed in hemophthalmus (complete retinal detachment)
107
Pars plana vitrectomy is indicated in
retinal detachment, macular holes, diabetic retinopathy
108
Patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment usually have NOT
hypermetropia (retinal detachments are usually more common in longer myopic eyes)
109
Perimetry is an examination method for staging
visual field
110
Presbyopia is
insufficient accomodation
111
Presbyopia
decreased visions, decreased accomodation, increases with age
112
Presbyopia is caused by
loss of lens elasticity
113
Presbyopia is corrected at the age of 60
by addition of reading lenses (+3-3.5D)
114
Primary retinal detachment treatment is
Surgical only
115
Pseudophakia means
artificial lens implanted in cataract eye
| Refractive surgery deals with cornea and lens
116
Refractive surgery deals with
cornea and lens
117
rejection of corneal transplants depends on
host corneal vascularisation etc
118
retinal detachment you do
treat by surgery - vitrectomy
119
Retinal detachment cannot be treated by
not replace vitreous by gel (but by silicon oil or gas)
120
retinal detachment in the temporal upper quadrant causes a scotoma in
nasal inferior quadrant
121
retinal haemorrhages and microaneurisms are signs of
neovascular glaucoma or incipient retinopathy or diabetic retinopathy
122
retinoblastoma originates from
neural cells or retina
123
retinoblastoma is found in
small/young children
124
scotoma is a
blind spot/area of the visual field
125
sign of damage of the corneal epithelium is
decreased visual acuity, red eye, pain, light sensitivity
126
sign of endocrine orbitopathy is NOT
lagophthalmos (inability to close eyes properly)
127
signs of blow out fracture of the orbit are
enophthalmus and diplopia
128
signs of corneal erosion are
decreased visual acuity, red eye, pain, light sensitivity
129
subluxation of the lens is part of
Marfans syndrome
130
sympathetic ophthalmia
autoimmune eye disease in which a penetrating injury to one eye produces inflammation in uninjured eye (can lead to blindness)
131
sympathetic ophthalmia is caused by
perforating injury of eye
132
sympathetic uveitis is
inflammation of uninjured eye caused by perforating injury fo the other eye (uveal tract)
133
action of atropine is
mydriasis (pupil dilation)
134
the blind spot in perimetry is caused by
optic nerve
135
the content of water in the vitreous is
98%
136
the course of diabetic retinopathy is NOT influenced by
Racial factors
137
the diameter of normal cornea is about
11mm
138
the effect of filtering procedures in glaucoma is
decreased in IOP (new outflow)
139
the evaluation of Schirmer's test of total lacrimal secretion is made after
5 minutes
140
The human visual pathways are formed by
3 neurons
141
the IV grade of trachoma is characterised (according to McCallan)
ectropion (lower eye lid turned outward)
And, tarsal conjunctiva completely scarred but pattern smooth, mosaic or Arlt's line + sequele + cornea free of infiltrate
142
The lateral rectus muscle is innervated by
abducens nerve (VI)
143
the loss of the lens causes loss of
accommodation
144
the loss of the lens (e.g. after cataract operation) cannot be corrected by
operation of ciliary muscles
145
the main risk factor in open angle glaucoma
increased IOP
146
the most frequent complication of uveitis for diminishing vision is
cataracts (other complications include - glaucoma, cataract, posterior synechiae, CME, rare phthisis bulbi)
147
the most frequent complication of keratoplasty are
endotherial graft rejection
148
the most frequent symptom of allergic conjunctivitis is
itching (+foreign body sensation, watery or thick discharge, extreme discomfort)
149
the most common for of uveitis is
anterior uveitis (acute)
150
the ocular nerve foes not innervate
superior oblique and lateral recuts muscle
151
the ocular form of toxoplasmosis causes
uveitis
152
the oculomotor nerve innervates
medial, superior, inferior rectus muscles, inferior oblique muscle, levator palpebral muscle
153
the physiological cornea is
diameter 10-12mm, central thickness of 0.52mm, peripheral thickness 0.65-1mm, avascular clear tissue, hydration 78%
154
the production and outflow of aqueous humour in glaucoma is
diminished
155
the refractive power of the lens is
20D
156
the signs of paralytic strabismus (squint) are
diplopia
157
the superior oblique oculomotory muscle is innervated by
trochlear nerve (IV)
158
the symptoms of cataracts are
loss of visual acuity
159
the treatment of lagophthalmos consists of
surgery, ointments, tears supplementation, topical anti-inflammatory agents
160
the treatments of acute stage of angle closure glaucoma consists of
topical application of miotics, topical application of beta blockers and carboanhydrase inhibitors, oral application of carboanhydrase inhibitors, IV hyperosmotic agents, therapeutic iridotomy and prophylactic iridotomy of the fellow eye
161
typical first complain of patients with age related macular degeneration
visual field loss (mainly central
162
the visual axis of the normal eye passes the
centre of the cornea
163
this statement for concomitant strabismus is NOT true?
?
164
type I hypersensitivity is not present in
?
165
the signs of cataracts does not belong
?
166
to what age is treatment of amblyopia possible?
up to 6 years old
167
trachoma is caused by
chlamydia trachomatous
168
treatment of rejection of corneal transplant consists in
corticosteroids
169
treatment of simple retinal detachment
laster surgery (photo coagulation)
170
uveitis can be associated with
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis, toxoplasmosis, AIDS
171
uveitis is an inflammation of
uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
172
Vit A deficiency causes
xerophthalmia (night blindness, conjunctival xerosis, corneal xerosis, corneal ulceration or focal melting - keratomalacia)
173
vitreous opacities are a symptom of
intraocualr inflammation
174
What are the usual signs of bacterial conjunctivitis?
acute onset of redness, on waking eyelids stick together, mucopurulent discharge
175
what is astigmatism?
optical power of the cornea in different planes is not equal
176
what is gonioscopy?
Use of a goniolens (also known as a gonioscope) in conjunction with a slit lamp or operating mucroscope to gain a view of the iridocorneal angle
177
what is the refractive power of the cornea
43D
178
what means anisometropia?
condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive power
179
when should bilateral dense congenital cataracts be operated
?
180
which are the first signs of retinoblastoma?
leucocoria (which pupillary reflex), a squint due to reduced vision, and occasionally a painful red eye (dilated fundoscopy shows a whitish-pink mass protruding from the retina into the vitreous body)
181
Which part of the eye can be affected by UV radiation ?
Cornea, lens, and conjunctiva
182
Which parts of the body are involved in Reiter's Syndrome?
Urethra, joints, and conjunctiva (this syndrome causes urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis)
Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree
183
Which type of treatment is NOT used in retinal detachment surgery?
?
