Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

criminology > crim > Flashcards

crim Flashcards

midterm (78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

classical criminology

A

humans are seen as having free will

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cesara BECCARIA

A
  • founder of classical school of thought

- outlined and enlightened criminal justice system to serve people and not the monarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bentham

A

-achieving the greatest happiness with the greatest number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Felicific calculus

A

bentham proposed is crime worth commiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

utilitarianism

A

The weighing of pros and cons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

darwin

A

challenged to doctrine of creation with his theory of evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

biological determinism

A

criminal behaviour determined by genes, biological traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

physiognomy

A

study of facial features and it’s relation to human behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phrenology

A

bumps on the head were indications of psychological properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atavism

A

ape like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lombroso

A

criminals are ape like and evolutionary throwbacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ferri

A
  • agreed with the biological bases of criminal behaviour

- recognized the importance of social, environmental and political determinants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Garotalo

A

looks at psychological or moral anomalies for roots of criminal behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

charles goring

A

challenged the lombrosian theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

somatotype school

A

related to body build behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sheldon’s 3 physiques

A

endomorph (soft, large)
Ectomorph (tall, lean)
mesomorph (muscular, strong)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

richard dugdale

A

studied the jukes

inherited criminality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

psychological determinism

A
  • “morally insane”
  • new studies for offenders as IQ test.
  • inmates had intellectual defects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sociological determinism

A
  • poverty, age, gender, race, climate
  • society is responsible
  • focus on crime rates of groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

emile durkheim

A
  • looked to social structures

- crime seen as normal part of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anomie

A

a breakdown of social order, loss of standards (specifially studied suicide rates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 principles of psychologists who study crime

A
  • actions and behaviours of adults determined childhood development
  • behaviours and unconscious motives intertwined
  • criminality is representation of psychological conflict
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A
  • a conscience so overbearing that it arouses guilt
  • a conscience s weak that it cant control impulses
  • the need for immediate gratification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sigmund freud

A

id (powerful urges for satisfaction)
ego (between the superego and id)
superego (your conscience)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
kohlberg moral development
``` pre conventional ( 9-11 ages) do and donts conventional level (between teenages) post conventional(after 20 yrs) ```
26
attachment theory
emotional bond between the infant and mother
27
anxious attachment
when a child is seperated by its mother or rejected, | inable to form bonds of affection (repeat offender)
28
3 learning ways
observational direct experience differential reinforcement
29
observational learning
transmitted through examples(bandura)
30
direct experience
trial and error
31
differential reinforcement
persistance of criminal behaviour depends on whether or not its rewarded or punished
32
mental disorder and crime
most majority of criminals are not mentally ill | most mentally ill criminals are not violent
33
psychopaths
mentally disordered offenders
34
sociopathy, psychopathy or antisocial personality
inable to learn from experience and absence of guilt
35
robert hare
made the checklist to predict the future behaviour of individuals
36
the dangerous offender
persistant violent offences prison repeadeatly no treatment fo psychopaths
37
XYY sydrome
studies found that males where tall, physically agressive and violent
38
twin studies
identical twins more likely to both be criminals
39
adoption studies
criminality of biological parents has more influence
40
wilson & herstein
interactions of genes with the environment that in some individuals for the kind of personality to commit crime
41
strain theory
focus's on lower class individuals
42
durkheim
believed that rapid social change caused crime
43
mertons strain theory
lower class individuals lack opportunity to reach goals
44
mertons = conformity
most common, individuals accept the goals and prediscribed means to reach their goals
45
agnews theory
failure to achieve goals is not the only reason for comiting crime
46
Cohens development theory
``` corner boys(hanging out doing nothing) college boys (very few) delinquent boys (hate everything, rebel) ```
47
cloward and ohlins theory
``` blocked opportunities are related to delinquency lower class gangs depend on the types of neighbourhoods in which it emerges ```
48
3 types of gangs
``` criminal gangs (more stable, neighbourhood, stores) conflict gangs (characterized by violence, moving in&out) retretist gangs (double failure gangs who didnt make it) ```
49
sellins culture theory
conduct norms= what is appropriate or normal behaviour vs abnormal behaviour
50
wolfgang & ferracutis subculture of violence
some subcultures demand the use of violence in certain social situations *the value system is transmitted through generation to generation
51
Millers 6 focal concerns
``` trouble toughness luck atonomy excitement smartness ```
52
labelling theories
those in power create laws and define who is criminal
53
edwin lemert primary deviation
initial deviant acts that bring on social response
54
edwin lemert assumptions
there is an informal social reaction | youth continues to break laws
55
karl maxx
all aspects of social life including laws are determinedby economic organization capatalism encourages criminal behaviour by creating a climate that is less conductive to social responsibility
56
richard quinney
class, state and crime | only when capitalism is abolished will crime dissapear
57
feminist perspective
liberal, radical and socialist
58
lavalee case
domestic violence battered women syndrome self . defense
59
enviromental crim
location of crime, finding patterns
60
clarke and cornish
weighing of pros and cons | rational choice perspective
61
utilitarianism
maximizing pleasure, minimizing pain
62
economic choice theory
people evaluate and choose their options to satisfy needs
63
rational choice
rejected, selected
64
cohen and felson
crime occurs when suitable target is ungaurded
65
hotspots of crime
areas where significant portion of calls for service come from
66
geography of crime
certain areas are more attractive to criminals
67
displacement
when crime is prevented, critics say thAT crime is moved to a different time or place
68
oscar newman
improved designs to provide increased security; reduce attractiveness
69
CPTED
crime prevention through environmental design
70
reducing reward
make it seem like theres nothing to steal
71
increasing risk
cameras on doors
72
inducing guilt
spedometers
73
increasing efforts
make it seem like its hard to break into
74
macrosociological
brauder social structures; community structure
75
mircosociological
often rely on hypotheses that apply to individuals
76
park * burgess
introduced the study of ecology to the study of human society
77
shaw & mckay
the highest rates of delinquency persisted in the same areas of chicago
78
cultural transmission
delinquency is a social learned behaviour that is transmitted into the next generation

criminology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions