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crim quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main data sources?

A

Uniform crime report survey (Collates and aggregates all police data) , General Society survey, Self Report survey

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2
Q

Approximately how much of crime is dark figure?

A

Aprox 2/3

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3
Q

What are some issues with the uniform crime report survey?

A

Dark Figure, Perception of police effectiveness, fear of reporting/shame of reporting(makes more dark fig), did not know it was a crime, missing data, counting inconsistencies

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4
Q

What is the general society survey?

A

Survey for canadian safety, every 5 yrs, only national self report survey, publicly available

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5
Q

Issues with the GSS

A

Under and over reporting, neglected crime types, lack of frequency

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6
Q

What are self report surveys

A

Reporting own violations to law in survey, anonymous, made to measure dark fig crime, targeted at non serious offenders

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7
Q

what are the media portrayals of crime?

A

Legacy media (traditional print, visual and sound media), New media (digital outlets, blogs, social media, games),

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8
Q

What are Criminological fields of crime and media

A

Cultural Criminology (Role of culture in creation of crime), Critical criminology ( Power and state with designation of using labels), Media Criminology ( Media and Crime)

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9
Q

Crime in the news

A

Made for entertainment, straightforward stories, short term solution

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10
Q

Problem frame

A

Easy to understand narrative, extraordinary event, affects many, clear solution

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11
Q

Media portrayals of bad guys, good guys

A

Bad guys ( Stereotyped, seen as deviant), Good guys ( heroes, darker side not shown, false sense of effectiveness.

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12
Q

Media portrayal of a victim

A

Weak, going about their day, blameless,unrelated to offender, submissive

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13
Q

what is sousveillance?

A

Citizens or witnesses recording an incident to hold an organization accountable

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14
Q

Crime as a social construction

A

Volatility of punishable behavior, utility of typologies

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15
Q

Typology criteria

A

Victim-offender relationship, offender characteristics, victim characteristics, motivation

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16
Q

Typologies are

A

Knowledge organizations, focus inquiry and study

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17
Q

Broad classification scheme

A

Violent crime ( homicide, s.a, assault, robbery), Property crime, theft/ identity theft

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18
Q

Crimes of morality and public disorder

A

prostitution and drug use, Hate crimes

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19
Q

What crime counts do

A

Measure volume and lvl of aggregation. But it is a raw estimate

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20
Q

What are crime rates

A

Crime count in (x/population in x) x 100,000, made to measure risk, has trouble with small populations

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21
Q

What are crime indexes

A

Composite measures, measures both frequency and seriousness and weighs the offences by seriousness,

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22
Q

What is a time series

A

Longitudinal view, frequency of observations, line graphs, association of variables across time

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23
Q

What is a cross sectional

A

Snapshot of an area, only a length of an observed period, assosciation of variables across jurisdictions

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24
Q

What is a trend

A

Direction of change

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25
What is a pattern
Logical arrangement, order or sequence
26
Crime pattern examples
Crime series
27
What is social construction
constructing reality by assigning meaning to things, Criminalization vs decriminalization
28
What are suretes 4 steps in social construction
The physical world, competing constructions, media is an arena for social construction, winning social construction
29
Suretes indicator in copy cat crime
Time order, time proximity, theme consistency, scene specificity, repetitive viewing, self-editing, offender statements, second-party statements
30
News making in criminology
Criminologist contribute to media narrative
31
What are moral panics
Moral panics introduced by young (1971) popularized by cohen (1972). Focuses on how society pays attention and reacts to specific issues/behavior, demonization of group held responsible
32
Theories of moral panic
Grassroot theory ( school shootings are moral panics), Interest group theory ( raise awareness bigger than event, tamper w stats), Elite engineered theory ( groups in society they want to distract, pay attention to THIS not THAT)
33
Goode and ben yuhvada moral panic criteria
concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionally, violatility
34
Jewkes 5 features of moral panic
Ordinary event presented as extraordinary, deviancy amplification, delimitation of society's morals, underlying social anxieties in context of rapid social change, targets young people
35
Fear of crime and cultivation theory
Fear of crime impacts sense of safety, fear of crime is higher than crime rates, the more media you watch the higher your perception of crime is
36
Early sources of law
Magna Carta(1215), company of new france, battle of plains, royal proclamation(1763), quebec act(1774), Constitution act( 1791), act of union(1849), British north american act (1867)
37
Conceptual divisions of law
International law ( mediated by U.N, global theatres, every country who signs is under international law)
38
Domestic laws
Substantive law(sentences) vs procedural law(how we respond) Private law vs public (affects public)
39
Influences/sources of canada law
british,french,us influence, principle influences( legislation and case law), subsidiary influences (custom and books of authority)
40
Forces shaping policing
limited police abilities to prevent/control crime, instead of crime fighting make services to crime prevent, make strategies like community policing, proactive policing, problem oriented policing
41
growth of private security
protection of mass property, surveillance, development of technological solutions
42
Tech advancement
Impact on patrol officers(labtops), manage info easier/quicker
43
Origins of policing in canada
Sir robert peel's principles, roots in english models
44
Lvls of policing
Federal, provincial, municipal, regional, first nations
45
private policing
3 private officers to every 2 public officers, less training and experience for the job, complaint system
46
concerns on private policing
Violation of individual rights, making security a commodity, blurring public policing, increased surveillance
47
Charter
highest law in the land, place limit on govt power, defines rights
48
Offences
summary, indictable and hybrid.
49
Element of crime
actus rea(the act), mens rea(intent)
50
Policing
only agency aloud to use force, embraces military chain of command
51
Evolution of policing
Fueled and shaped by transformation of policing, they are tasked w protection, order, peace, assistance. Policing: individuals mitigating and preventing threats
52
Corrections
balance between rehabilitation and public safety,
53
Canadas prison system
Administered by federal and prov/territorial gov't. Small percent of offenders are taken into custody. Jail is last resort. Federal takes high risk, prov/terr takes low
54
Prison population
gangs, mental illness, addiction problems, overrepresentation of aboriginal
55
Aboriginal inmates
17 % of inmates vs 4% of canadians. Mistreated as high risk and sent to higher security facilities, w less programs
56
Mentally ill inmates
more prone to suicide, management challenges, higher risk to self and others
57
drugs in prison
spread diseases, hard reduction programs in prison, overdose
58
programs in prison
among best in world, not all inmates have access to programs or resources, addresses living skills, violence prevention, substance abuse, family violence
59
neoclassical approaches
environmental criminology, Crime prevention through environmental design design
60
research methods
quantitative, qualitative, mixed method
61
Data sources
national data(criminal justice data, health data), international data( world health organization, U.N), Survey data(G.S.S), Other(Observation)
62
innovative approaches to crim
Life course development theory, geographic profiling, dna profiling, critical criminology. Origins in : physc, geography, chemistry, sociology
63
Difference of law based on background
Historian=importance of law Phycologist=harm to the individual Economist=cost of situation
64
Criminology vs criminal justice
Criminology=theories of crime | Criminal justice=justice system
65
why do criminologist study
For explanations of decreases and increases in crime, playing w variables.
66
Sociological approaches
Focus on social order, how is crime defined? view crime as form of deviance.
67
Anomie theory
Doesn't matter who u knock down just has to benefit you
68
Social control theory
What prevents people from engaging in crime. Ex social bonds
69
Labelling theory
how are people defined as criminal or deviant, how and why are they assigned
70
critical theories
Current explanations( gender needs to be taken account of crime), Certain groups have more power than others. big group want to oppress little group.
71
psychological approaches
Focuses on the individual, assessment of treatment and rehabilitation
72
Biological approaches
Early explorations, phased off, chance of crime based of your biological traits

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