Crim3 Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
a mild mental disorder NOT arising from organic diseases - instead, it can occur from stress, depression or anxiety.
A
Neurosis
2
Q
class of functional mental disorders involving distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations, whereby behavior is not outside socially acceptable norms.
A
Neurosis
3
Q
major personality disorder characterized by mental and emotional disruptions.
It is much more severe than neurosis - often impairing and debilitating the affected individual.
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Psychosis
4
Q
are blanket terms covering several different forms of abnormal and pathological fear and anxiety.
A
Anxiety disorder
5
Q
This is an intense, unrealistic fear. In this case, anxiety is focused so intensely on some objects or situations that the individual is acutely uncomfortable around it and will often go to great pain to avoid it.
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Phobias
6
Q
Fear of high places
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Acrophobia
7
Q
open spaces and market places
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Agoraphobia
8
Q
Fear of pain
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Malgophobia
9
Q
storms, thunder, and lightning
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Astraphobia
10
Q
fear of dogs
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Gynophobia
11
Q
Fear of - closed places
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Claustrophobia - closed places
12
Q
Fear of blood
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Hematophobia
13
Q
Fear of contamination or germs
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Mysophobia
14
Q
Fear of being alone
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Monophobia
15
Q
Fear of- darkness
A
Nyctophobia
16
Q
- fear of crowds
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Ochlophobia
17
Q
- fear of water
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Hydrophobia
18
Q
Fear of disease
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Pathophobia
19
Q
Fear of fire
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Pyrophobia
20
Q
fear of syphilis
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Syphilophobia
21
Q
- animals or some particular animals
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Zoophobia
22
Q
This is an anxiety provoking (annoying) thoughts that will not go away.
Thoughts and impulses which occur in the person’s mind despite attempts to keep them out.
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Obsession
23
Q
It is an urge wherein a person is compelled to perform some actions against his free will and with duress as a result of external factors.
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Compulsion
24
Q
the impulse to count anything.
A
Arithomania
25
the impulse to drink liquor.
Dipsomania
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the impulse to kill.
Homicidal mania
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the impulse to steal.
Kleptomania
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the impulse for fame or power.
Megalomania
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the impulse to set fire.
Pyromania
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- the impulse to take one's life.
Suicidal mania
32
develop after an individual has experienced exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.
PTSD
33
The term affect is roughly equivalent to emotion or mood.
Affective disorder
34
major depressive disorder, is characterized by feelings of extreme sadness and hopelessness.
Depression
35
disorder means having periods of depression, and periods of mania.
Bipolar
36
Unusual and chronic mood swings
During depression, symptoms similar to those for major depressive disorder
Bipolar
37
Means body
Soma
38
disorders involve a neurotic patter in which the individuals complain of bodily symptoms that suggest the presence of a physical problem, but for which no organic basis can be found.
Somatoform disorder
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disorder in which the physical illness is considered to be highly associated with emotional factors.
The individual may not perceive that his emotional state is
contributing to his physical illness.
Psychosomatic Disorder
40
This is an intensely and chronically uncomfortable condition that indirectly creates a high risk of medical complications.
Somatization disorder
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are somatoform disorders in which individuals experience serious somatic symptoms such as functional blindness, deafness, paralysis, fainting, seizures, inability to speak or other serious impairments in the absence of any physical cause.
Conversion disorder
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are somatoform disorders in which the individual experiences a relatively specific and chronic pain that has a psychological rather than physical cause.
Somatoform pain disorder
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This covers a broad category of loosely related rare conditions involving sudden alterations in cognition, characterized by change in memory, perceptions or "identity".
Dissociative disorder
44
This refers to loss of memory that can have either physical or psychological cause. It most often occurs after a period of intense stress and involves loss of memory for all or part of the stressful experience itself.
Amnesia
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This resembles amnesia in that there is a loss of memory but the loss is so complete that the individuals cannot remember his or her identity or previous life
Psychogenic Fugue State
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This refers to experiences in which the individual feels that he or she has become distorted or "unreal" or that distortions have occurred in one's surroundings. One might feel that she is a real robot - even though she knows she is a real person
Depersonalization
47
This is a dissociative disorder in which the individual shifts abruptly and repeatedly from one personality to another as if more than one person were inhabiting the same body. This is commonly known as "split personality disorder."
Multiple personality disorder
48
a psychotic condition marked by withdrawal from reality, indifference conceming everyday problems, and tendency to live in a world of fantasy.
- formerly called dementia praecox by Emil Kreaplin,
SCHIZOPHRENIA
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It means "splitting of minds".
Schizophrenia
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characterized by a gradual decline of interest and ambition.
The person withdraws from social contacts as well as irritable and inattentive.
Simple schizophrenia
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characterized principally by delusions of persecutions, somet and/or grandeur. Hallucinations, usually auditory, are most of time present.
Paranoid schizophrenia
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manifests severe integration of personality and can be observed through inappropriate giggling and smiling without apparent reasons which to an untrained observer may only be childish playfulness.
Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
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manifests extreme violence and shown with excessive motor activity, grimacing, talkativeness and unpredictable emotional outburst.
Catatonic schizophrenia
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refers to cases showing delusions and impaired contact with reality but without the severe personality disorganization characteristic of schizophrenia.
> The main symptom is characterized by suspicion
Paranoia
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having delusions of persecution.
Persecutory Paranoia
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both delusions of persecution and grandeur
Litigious Paranoia
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delusion that a certain person is in love with him or her.
Erotic paranoia
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Characterize feel with great power of importance.
Exalted Paranoia
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characterized by irrational jealousy.
Jealous paranoia
60
formerly referred to as character disorders, are a class of personality types and behaviors defined as "an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it".
Personality disorder
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This is characterized by suspiciousness, hypersensitivity, rigidity, envy, excessive self-importance, and argumentativeness plus a tendency to blame others for one's own mistakes and failures and to ascribe evil motives to others.
Paranoid personality
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Individuals with this personality disorder neither deserve nor enjoy close relationship. They live a solitary life with little interest in developing friendships.
Schizoid personality
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Individuals with this type of personality disorder exhibit odd behaviors based on a belief in magic or superstition and may report unusual perceptual
experiences.
Schizotypal Personality
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this is characterized by attempt to be the center of attention through the use of theatrical and self-dramatizing behavior.
Histrionic personality
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Individuals with this type of personality have a pervasive sense of self-importance.
Narcissistic personality
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This is characterized by a lifelong history of inability to conform to social norms.
Antisocial personality
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This is characterized by instability, reflected in drastic mood shifts and behavior problems.
Borderline personality
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Individuals with this personality are fearful of becoming involved with people because of excessive fears of criticism or rejection.
Avoidant personality
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This is characterized by inability to make even daily decisions without excessive advice and reassurance from others and needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.
Dependent personality
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This is characterized by excessive concern with rules, order efficiency, and work coupled with insistence that everyone do things their way and an inability to express warm feelings.
Compulsive personality
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The individual with personality disorder is usually found to have overindulged in many things during the early years to the extent that the person comes to anticipate that his needs will always be met and gratified
Passive aggressive personality
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crime inspired by another crime that has been publicized in the news media or fictionally or artistically represented in which the offender incorporates aspects of the original offense.
Copycat crime
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sexual act that seeks gratification by means other than heterosexual relationship.
Sexual deviancy
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normal sexual relationship between members of the opposite sex which could lead to reproduction.
Heterosexuality
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- obtaining sexual gratification by wearing the clothes of the opposite sex.
Transvestitism
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obtaining sexual pleasure by watching the members of the opposite sex undressing or engaging in sexual activities.
Voyeurism
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obtaining pleasure by exposing one's genitals to others
Exhibitionism
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is when you feel extremely positive and active.
Mania
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- obtaining sexual gratification primarily and exclusively from specific objects
Fetishism
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by inflicting pain to others
Sadism
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by inflicting pain upon themselves.
Masochism
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sexual act through the anus of another human being.
Sodomy
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form of sexual perversion in which three (3) persons are participating in sexual act.
Froilism
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group participates in sexual orgies (sexual festival).
Pluralism
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licking of woman's genitals
Cunnilingus
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obtaining pleasure from sexual contact with children.
Pedophilia
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sexual relations between persons related by blood.
Incest
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sexual intercourse with a living animal.
Bestiality
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desire to engage in sexual intercourse with a dead body.
Necrophilia
90
study of victimization, including the relationship between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system.
Victimology
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It is also defined as the scientific study of the physical, emotional and financial harm people suffer because of illegal activities. The definition focuses on the effects of crimes to the victim
Victimology
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the person to whom the crime was committed. He is also referred to as the complainant or the offended party.
Victim
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Latin term "—————" was used to describe individuals or animals whose lives were destined to be sacrificed to please a deity.
Victima
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the person who was actually harmed because of the
commission of the offense. Victims of rape, theft, robbery, physical injuries are some examples of direct or primary victims.
Direct or Primary Victim
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refers to the family or loved ones of the victim. Such is the case in crimes of murder or homicide.
Indirect or Secondary Victims
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defined as the outcome of an individual or institution's intentional action to exploit, oppress, or harm someone else. It also includes destroying or illegally acquiring someone else's property or possessions.
Victimization
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According to this theory,
some people may initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their injury or death.
Victim precipitation Theory
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means that the victim unconsciously behaves in a way or has specific characteristics that instigate or encourage an attack.
Passive Precipitation
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occurs when the victim engages in threatening or provocative actions.
Active Precipitation
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theory maintains that criminals target individuals due to their lifestyle choices.
Lifestyle theory
101
theory that the more often a victim visits a dangerous place, the more likely they will be exposed to crime, which raises their chance of being victimized.
Deviant Place Theory
102
The theory states that the victim does not play a role in encouraging the crime but is still prone to being a victim because they live in a socially disorganized high-crime location.
Deviant place theory
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refers to the relationship of the victim with the offender, and vice versa. It could be that the victim personally knows the offender, may be actually related to him/her by blood, or they may be co-workers, neighbors or classmates, or even in a relationship with each other.
Victim-Offender Relationship
103
theory states there must be three factors present for a crime to occur.
These factors reflect the regular activities incorporated in a typical American's lifestyle, and they increase an individual's risk of victimization when they converge.
Routine Activities Theory
104
This happens in situations
wherein victims unknowingly,
carelessly, negligently and
inadvertently make it easier for the criminal to commit a crime.
Victim Facilitation
105
the victim significantly contributed to his victimization, while in culpability or provocation, the victim is considered to be even more responsible for the crime than offender himself.
Victim Precipitation and Culpability or Provocation
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defined as action by a potential victim during a confrontation that is designed to interfere in any way with the completion of the criminal act or escape. Resistance may conduct like physical retaliation, or calling for help, but it can also include a refusal to meet the demand of an offender.
Victim resistance
107
refers to the tendency of a person to become victimized without any fault on his part. Such person can easily become a victim because of his personal circumstances, such as age and state of mental health.
Victim Vulnerability
108
is very common to hear people blame the victims for the crime committed against him.
Sometimes, even the victim himself blames himself.
Victim blame
109
Victims may be angry with God, the offender, family members, friends, the criminal justice system, or even themselves. Many victims experience strong desires for revenge or getting even. Hate may even feel by victims.
Anger or rage
110
is common for victims to feel terror or fear following a crime that involved a threat to
one's safety or life, or to someone else a victim cares about. Fear can cause a person to have panic attacks if they are ever reminded of the crime.
Fear or terror
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Victims of crime may become confused if they are unsure of what actually happened, as crimes often occur quickly and are chaotic.
Confusion
111
Many victims are frustrated by the feelings of helplessness or powerlessness that surface when the crime takes place. This can be especially true if victims were unable to fend off an offender, call for help or run away.
Frustration
112
Many victims believe they were "in the wrong place at the wrong time." If the victim does not have someone to blame, they will often blame themselves.
Guilt is also common when no offender is found.
Guilt or self blame
113
crimes involving sexual acts, offenders often degrade the victim by making them do humiliating things. Victims of rape, for example, have long-lasting feelings of
"being dirty", and those feelings cannot be "washed away." Some victims even feel self-hatred because they believe that they can no longer be loved by those who are close to them.
Shame and humiliation
114
Intense sadness is often the most powerful long-term reaction to crime. It is common
for victims to become depressed after a crime occurs.
Grief or sorrow
115
shock, fear, anger, helplessness, disbelief and guilt.
Initial reaction
116
psychological effects such as distressing thoughts about the event, nightmares, depression, guilt, fear, and a loss of confidence and esteem.
Second stage
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reconstruction and acceptance,
Third stage
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normalization/adjustment.
Fourth stage
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The age, gender, marital status, educational background, level of intellect, income, occupation, lifestyle or habits, victim-offender relationships and ecology are some of the factors that affect victimization risk.
Victim patterns
