Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sociology > Crime > Flashcards

Crime Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Crime?

A

an offence which merits community condemnation and punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an indictable crime?

A

Any more serious crime which could face prison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a non-indictable crime?

A

Any less serious crime where level of punishment is decided depending on case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is undiscovered crime?

A

Crimes which haven’t been found out yet (like the start of a missing persons case)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is unrecorded crime?

A

Crimes which are reported to the police but have not been recorded as offences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the dark figure?

A

the group of crimes which aren’t reported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why may people not report crimes?

A

due to fear, embarrassment, lack of resources or thinking it won’t be worth it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are gangs?

A

youth subcultures with links to crime which are usually territorial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is white collar crime?

A

crimes committed by members of the middle class, linked to their employment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is occupational crime?

A

Crimes carried out at work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is professional crime?

A

crime as a lifetime career

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is corporate crime?

A

crime carried out by directors to increase profits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is computer crime?

A

crime carried out using a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is social control?

A

the regulation of behavior in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is formal social control?

A

where a person’s job is centered around social control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are examples of formal social control?

A

the government, the police

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is informal social control?

A

Where a person’s job involves social control but isn’t what they get paid for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are examples of informal social control?

A

teachers, peer pressure, criticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are official statistics?

A

numerical information collected by the police and reported to the government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some advantages of official statistics?

A

they give a rough idea about crime rates, can compare data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some disadvantages of official statistics?

Study These Flashcards
A

They aren’t representative (dark figure), unreliable

22
Q

What is the British crime survey?

Study These Flashcards
A

an annual study run by the office of national statistics

23
Q

How is the British crime survey good?

Study These Flashcards
A

anonymous, representative, helps victims process what happened to them, protection, creates an awareness of hidden crime

24
Q

What are self report studies? What is the aim?

Study These Flashcards
A

A type of survey which asks people about their offending, tries to measure the level of anti-social behavior

25
Why do women commit less crime than men?
- girls are often socialised to be more passive than boys based on stereotypes and gender roles, - girls are more controlled and protected as they grow up because they're seen to be naive or innocent, - there is fear about girls leaving the house as they are targeted more than men and are vulnerable - no opportunity to commit crime
26
What are gender roles?
how people are expected to present themselves based on their assigned sex
27
What is the chivalry theory?
where women are treated more leniently than men in the justice system as they aren't expected to be capable of crime
28
What is bedroom subculture?
when girls stay at home for protection whilst boys are allowed outside
29
What is the dual burden? How does it relate to gender and crime?
where women have careers and the responsibility of housework and childcare - women don't have time to commit crime
30
What are some causes of crime?
socialisation, role models, lack of opportunities, status frustration, environment and exposure to crime, labeling, material deprivation
31
What is material deprivation?
the inability for individuals to afford the goods we consider necessary in life
32
What is the media bias?
where the media is heavily influential and can make or brake an individual and their career
33
What us a folk devil?
a person or group of people who are portrayed in the media as outsiders and deviant
34
What is media amplification?
Where crimes are blown out of proportion in the media causing mass panic
35
What is deviancy amplification?
Where criminals are sensationalised
36
What is a caution?
A warning given by the police which goes on someone's personal record
37
What is a fine?
A financial payment, depending on the person and the offence, which goes to the government
38
What is an ASBO?
An order given out when any antisocial behaviour has continued for a long period of time
39
What is community service?
When there is no danger, offenders can perform public services instead of prison
40
What is electronic tagging?
movement is tracked as decided by the court
41
What is imprisonment?
The punishment of prison for serious offences
42
What is parole or probation?
Where a prisoner is released for good behaviour but is still under supervision
43
What is capitol punishment?
the death penalty, for crimes on the same level as murder
44
What is corporal punishment?
Physical punishment used as a consequence or as social control
45
Why are ethnic minorities more likely to be convicted of crimes?
- institutionalised racism (normalised racism within organisations) - more ethnic people are stopped and searched than white people due to stereotypes - racism causes stereotypes and labeling - higher chance of material deprivation due to higher chances of unemployment because of racism.
46
What did Lambroso believe caused crime?
Genetics - believed criminals were born and not made, a person's character could be assessed by their physical characteristics, they were less evolved than normal people
47
Why was Lambroso criticised?
Labeling people as criminalised based on appearance can be disproved and is morally wrong
48
What did Bowlby believe caused crime? What was his study?
primary socialisation - if a child experiences material deprivation or is separated from their mother then they could become an 'affectionless psychopath' - this means they are more likely to commit crime He found 44 juvenile men had been separated from their mothers at birth
49
Why was bowlby criticised?
His sample was small and biased as they had already been convicted
50
What did Merton believe caused crime? What type of sociologist was he?
Functionalist - he believed people commit rime when they fail to achieve the goals of society (strain theory)
51
What did Merton believe were the 4 responses to the goals of society?
1. Conformity - people who go down the normal route in society 2. innovation - people who go against the norms 3. ritualism - people whoa re stuck in low paying jobs which are essential to society 4. retreatism - people who drop out of society because they cannot achieve norms

Sociology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions