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Crime Flashcards

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1
Q

Crime definition

A

The word crime is taken from Latin word crimen means to charge.

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2
Q

Definition of crime Oxford dictionary

A

An action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law

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3
Q

Definition of crime according to William Blackstone

A

An act committed or ommitted in the violation of public law forbidding or commanding it.

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4
Q

Criminology definition Edwin Sutherland

A

The scientific study of crime including its causes, responses and methods of prevention from crime.

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5
Q

Offence definition

A

An act that violates that violates civil or criminal law

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6
Q

Type of offence

A

1:Congnizable offence: punishable by law, no warrant required for arrest, no approval is required to begin investigation, includes, murder, theft, kidnapping,rape. Fir and complaint both are required.
2: non - Congnizable offence: opposite to it.

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7
Q

Classification of crime

A

According to IMF
3 types of crime
Infraction: definition: breaking of laws usually not serious.
fine, no jail, examples fishing without warrant, drinking in public, operating business without lisecnce

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8
Q

Misdemeanors crime second type of crime

A

Less severe, one year jail or fine. Theft, alcohol related crime, failed to apeear in court.

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9
Q

3rd type of crime ( felonies)

A

A grave crime, death penalty or lifetime imporsment. Murder main saluger, drugs, tax erosion.

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10
Q

Criminal law and civil law

A

Criminal law: Deals with behaviour that is or can be construed as an offence against public and society .
Examples: murder, assault, kidnapping..
Purpose: maintain law and order, public safety.

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11
Q

Criminal law and it’s types

A

1: substantive criminal law. Defines what are types of conduct are criminal and their penalties.
Examples: Pakistan penal code 1860

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12
Q

2:Procedural law

A

Involes the rules designed to implement the substantive laws.

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13
Q

Characteristic of criminal law

A

Constantly changing ( zanab case)
Refelect social values.
Act can be decrminliezed

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14
Q

Objectives of criminal law and

A

DSMEEPR
Deternance
Social control
Maintain social order
Express morality
Equality
Punishment
Retribution

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15
Q

Civil law

A

System of law concerened with private relations between members of a community.

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16
Q

Deviance

A

Horton and hunt. Any failure and to confirm to the customary norms is called deviance.

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17
Q

Types of deviance

A

Primary and secondary

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18
Q

Causes of deviance

A

Broken families
Lack of education
Lack of religious activities.
Urban slums
Poor Psychological development
Economic factors

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19
Q

Forms of deviance

A

Drugs addiction
Sexual a abuse
Child abuse.

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20
Q

Sin

A

Religious concept
Offence against religion
Two types of sins
Kabira, sagira.

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21
Q

Vice

A

Refers to habit or practice
Behaviour
Considered immoral

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22
Q

Examples of Vice

A

Gambling, drug use ,pornography.

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23
Q

Evil

A

It includes all natural and moral evils
Cambridge dictionary: morally bad , cruel causing harm or injury.

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24
Q

Norms

A

Collins dictionary: a standard or pattern of behaviour that is expected of a group a principles within a society.

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25
Values
Collins dictionary: the principles, standards, considered worthwhile or deesirsble within a particular society.
26
Security
The state of being secure , freedom from fear , danger and anxiety. Merriam Webster
27
Types of security
Physical, economic, social
28
Physical security
Measures taken to protect property, personal information from physical harm or attack ( Merriam Webster)
29
Economic security
Cambridge dictionary ( the situation of having enough money and resources to be able to support oneself without relaying on others.
30
Social security
A system of benefits provided by government for people with low income or no income. ( Merriam Webster)
31
History of criminology
Demonic possession Spiritual influence Divine punishment
32
History of law
Code of Hammurabi:: first written law Common law: origin England unwritten traditional law. Megna Carta: in England published
33
Scope of criminology
Assist in response to crime prevention. Includes the examination of evidence
34
Theoretical perspectives on criminology ( classical school of thought)
Rational choice theory ( jermay Bentham) Thomas Hobbes.
35
Non- classical theory
Biological makeup is responsible for offence Types of non classical theory Biological Psychological
36
Chicago or socialist school of thought
(Man is a social animal) locke , Aristotle 1: social learning theory 2: social control theory: strong bond with society is good there are less chances of crime. 3: strain theory: when the social structure failed to provide legitimate opportunities to success main commit crimes to achieve the status. Examples, economic deprivation. 4: labelling theory: when someone accepts the label as personal identity.
37
Islamic perspective on crime
Pays serious attention to this matter. Considering the changing circumstances of society.
38
Islamic panel system aims
To persevere life Lineage ( punishment for fornication) Wealth Religion Reason ( punishment for drinking)
39
Forms of punishment in Islam
Prescribed Retribution Discretionary: not defined
40
Objectives of Islamic panel code
Protect society from crime Seeks to reform the criminal system.
41
Juvenile deliquency
The fact of a young person behaving in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people. ( Collins dictionary)
42
Causes of deliquency
Social: broken families, running away from school, use of vulgur language, smoking, drinking Economic : poverty, poor education, urban slums Biological: poor growth, lack of competence
43
Types of deliquency
Individual ( rational choice theory) Group supported ( differential theory) Organized theory ( social learning theory.) Situational deliquency: s.l
44
Juvenile vs status offender
Juvenile: violation of law below the age of 18 Status offender: violation of law at any age.
45
Juvenile justice system
Prior to juvenile act 2000 no laws present.
46
Juvenile justice process
Police investigation Detention Pre- trail procedures Disposition treatment.
47
Similarities between adult justice system and juvenile justice system
Right to hearing apeal Both undergo drug testing Correction facilities available for both Similar procedures
48
Similarities between adult justice system and juvenile justice system
Right to hearing apeal Both undergo drug testing Correction facilities available for both Similar procedures
49
Differences between juvenile deliquency and adult justice system
Juvenile can be detened by acts which are not considered criminal if done by adult. High involvement of parents in juvenile No death sentence No coporal punishment Record is sealed in juvenile deliquency
50
Criminal justice system
The organisation and departments responsible for enforcing laws detecting, criminals and administrating justice.
51
Objectives of criminal justice system
Prevent crime occurance Maintain Law order Deter offender Punish the offender Protect public rights
52
Police and its role
The government department charged with the preservation of public order, the promotion of public safety and and the prevention and detection of crime. Black Law dictionary.
53
Role of proceutor
Government lawayer who prosecutes cases on the behalf of the people . ( Meriam Webster ) Investigation of law violater Determing charges Representing government in pre trail. Recommend sentence. Section 24 of CCP
54
Defence attorney
Public lawyer Role: Interview the client Discuss matter with proceutor Provide assistance in sentencing
55
Causes of weak judicial system in Pakistan
Backlog of cases Lack of propusupervisions Lack of transport facilities for process serving staff Lack of libraries Transfer of cases Frequent transfer of judicial officer.
56
Prison
A state of confinement or captivity ( Merriam Webster)
57
Objectives of prison
Custody keeping inmates in safe place of confinement Meeting basic needs of prison Punishment Correction providing treatment to reform and rehabilitation Pakistan prison rules 1978. Rule 3
58
Probation
It is a form of supervised release imposed on an offender by judges without a time being served in jail Prof. Conklin
59
Elements of of probation
Postponed sentence A period of re- socialisation Supervision by probation officer
60
Functions of probation officer
Criminal in his personal care Reform the criminal behaviour Supply revalant information Assistance in getting employment Help resolve family problems.
61
Parole
A system under which inmates are released before they complete their full sentences. Conklin Section 401 of CrPc
62
Corporeal punishment
Physical punishment is intended to cause physical pain Article 14 of constitution
63
Theories of corporeal punishment
Tilitarian theory: to deter crime Retributive:
64
Imprisonment
The act of confining a person in prison.
65
Rehabilitation of criminals .
The process of seeking to improve criminal character and outlook so that he or she can function in society without committing crime . Black Law dictionary
66
Methods of rehabilitation
Healing Treatment Education.

Criminology Notes (6 decks)

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