crime and deviance

Question 1

deviance

Answer 1

people behaviour and conditions subject to social control, violates norms, elects moral condemnation

Question 2

social control

Answer 2

ways in which member of social groups express their disapproval or people and behaviour

Question 3

crime

Answer 3

violate formal norms - violation of criminal law
actus reus - the act itself
mens rea - criminal intent

Question 4

violent crime

Answer 4

against people that involve violence/threat of violence

Question 5

property crime

Answer 5

involved theft of property of others

Question 6

victimless crime

Answer 6

violations of law in which no obvious victims (gambling/ drug law)

Question 7

4 purposes of prison

Answer 7

retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation

Question 8

top 3 crimes in Canada

Answer 8

impaired driving, theft, common assault

Question 9

criminality demographics

Answer 9

gender- males more likely to commit crimes
age- 18-25
race- indigenous Canadians (25% male 40% female of fed inmate pop)
class- correlation between inequality and crime

Question 10

homicide in canada

Answer 10

Men likely to be perps AND victims of homicide, drugs often involved,

Question 11

explanations for decline in deviance

Answer 11

aging populations, increase use of surveillance technology, screen time, community policing, immigration, affordable electronics, decrease lead in gas, access to abortions, WIL

Question 12

Durkheim -functionalist theory

Answer 12

crime and dev.rsult from anomie - in times of rapid change norms and values weaken

Question 13

Strain theory - functionalist

Answer 13

Robert merton - deviance increases when social structure prevents people from achieving goals legitimately

Question 14

strain theory paradigm of deviant behaviour

Answer 14

innovation - accept attitude to goals, reject means (eg. mobsters)
ritualism - reject goals, accept means ( reject materialism, accept 9-5 job)
retreatism - reject goals, reject means (criminals)
rebelion - accept/reject goals, accept/reject means ( reject “good life” replace w a diff dream (religious))

Question 15

control theories -functionalist

Answer 15

Hirschi- weak bonds with parents causes delinquency
- weak commitment to conformity, involvement in conventional activities, belief in conventional value

Question 16

control theories -functionalist

Answer 16

Gottfredson and Hirschi - low self control causes deviance and criminal activity
personality of people with low self control :
- self centred, inability to defer gratification, lack diligence/tenacity, risk seeking, impulsive, insensitive

Question 17

broken windows theory - functionalist

Answer 17

crime occurs when/where social controls are not strong (opportunity)
visible signs of social disorganization - poor communities degenerate into more crime (eg vandalism)
normalization of deviance

Question 18

conflict theory -

Answer 18

unequal distribution of wealth and power - respond to inequality by breaking rules
Karl Marx - workers/unemplyed lack commitment to social order because it is exploitive

Question 19

Michel Focault - conflict theory

Answer 19

surveillance - direct or indirect observation of conduct towards producing desired outcome
self surveillance- monitoring own behaviour in order to prevent deviance

Question 20

labelling theory

Answer 20

being labeled as deviant may result in more deviance
primary deviance - owning to deviant behaviour, doesn’t impact identity
secondary deviance- owning to deviant identity, self fulfilling process
deviant label =stigmatized may become master status

Question 21

Pygmalion effect

Answer 21

expectation influence outcome
climate factor, input factor, response-output factor, feedback factor

Question 22

cultual support theory

Answer 22

Cohen - cultural beliefs create and promote deviant behaviour (Uni drinking)
Sutherland- deviance grows from exposure to learning experiences that make deviance more likely (learning specific motives, attitudes rationalizations)