crime and deviance Flashcards
(33 cards)
Who proposed the concept of anomie in relation to crime?
Émile Durkheim
True or False: Edwin Sutherland developed the theory of differential association.
True
Fill in the blank: Robert Merton’s strain theory identifies five modes of individual adaptation: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and __________.
rebellion
What sociological perspective emphasizes the role of social structures in shaping deviance?
Structural Functionalism
Who is known for the labeling theory in sociology?
Howard Becker
What does the term ‘moral panic’ refer to?
A widespread fear, often irrational, that some group or behavior poses a significant threat to societal norms.
Multiple Choice: Which theorist is associated with the concept of ‘social control’? A) Karl Marx B) Travis Hirschi C) Albert Cohen
B) Travis Hirschi
True or False: Marxist theories of crime focus on the individual motivations behind criminal behavior.
False
What is the primary focus of feminist theories in the study of crime?
The ways in which gender inequalities affect women’s experiences of crime and victimization.
Fill in the blank: According to routine activities theory, crime occurs when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of __________ converge.
capable guardianship
Who developed the concept of ‘subcultural theory’?
Albert Cohen
What does the term ‘white-collar crime’ refer to?
Non-violent crime committed for financial gain within a business or professional context.
Multiple Choice: Which theory argues that deviance is a normal part of society? A) Labeling Theory B) Strain Theory C) Functionalism
C) Functionalism
Who is known for the concept of ‘social disorganization theory’?
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay
True or False: Anomie leads to a breakdown of social norms and values.
True
What is the main argument of the conflict theory regarding crime?
Crime is a result of social and economic inequalities, with laws designed to protect the interests of the powerful.
Fill in the blank: The term ‘deviance’ refers to behavior that __________ social norms.
violates
Who introduced the concept of ‘moral entrepreneurs’?
Howard Becker
What is the focus of critical criminology?
Examining how power relations and social inequalities shape laws and crime.
Multiple Choice: Which theorist emphasized the importance of societal reaction to deviance? A) Edwin Lemert B) Michel Foucault C) Emile Durkheim
A) Edwin Lemert
True or False: Social learning theory suggests that behavior is learned through interactions with others.
True
What does the term ‘broken windows theory’ suggest?
Visible signs of disorder and neglect cause an increase in crime.
Fill in the blank: The concept of __________ refers to the process by which certain behaviors are defined as criminal by society.
social construction of crime
Who is associated with the term ‘cultural criminology’?
Jeff Ferrell
