Crime And Deviance Flashcards
(9 cards)
What is multiple aetiology according to left realist Young?
Crime was a result of many factors interacting with one another, with crime being a mixture of informal and formal social controls, structural inequalities and agency of the offender.
What do left realists Lea and Young argue with the 3 factors influencing levels of crime?
Marginalisation due to marginalised groups having minimal representation in society and express their frustrations through violent and aggressive means, due to feeling ‘left out’.
Relative Deprivation with pressures of media to achieve economic success leaves people feeling deprived in relation to others.
Subcultures through achieving status or through disorganised 7crime to meet needs of lifestyle. Links to anti school subcultures and youth subcultures as coping mechanisms for blocked opportunities.
What are evaluations of left realists Lea and Young?
Lea and Young’s work draws upon a range of influences from different perspectives and was influential in forming policy and providing solutions to crime.
Impacts of capitalism accelerated in global era but recorded crime has fallen.
What does Parsons argue about the sex role theory?
Instrumental role was taken on by male in the family, providing discipline and finances.
Expressive role was taken on by females, caring and nurturing the family.
Three ways socialisation within the sex role theory leads to crime
Socialisation is more complete for girls as they have more female role models.
Boys are socialised into more aggressive pursuits and are given greater independence over time and space.
Boys look for male reinforcement through joining subcultures or gangs, being socialised into behaviours linked to criminality.
Three influences of the sex role theory
Ideas adopted by New right theorists such as Murray.
Study of black criminality by Sewell.
Cohen studied boys of lone parent families in his studies of subcultures.
What do neo Marxists Taylor, Walton and Young argue?
Inspired by traditional marxist ideas and labelling theory.
Saw criminals as victims of social stigma and actively resisting elements of capitalism.
Developed a more holistic approach to researching deviance, suggesting it has been influenced by both structural forces and individual agency.
What are considerations for the fully social theory by Taylor, Walton and Young?
Immediate origins of the deviant act.
Impact of social reactions on future behaviour.
Immediate origins of the deviant act. The particular circumstances that have caused a person to commit crimes
Immediate origins of social reaction. The reactions of those connected with the individual.
What are evaluations of the fully social theory by Taylor, Walton and Young?
Hall’s policing the crisis adopted fully social theory to explain the negative portrayal of black community.
Idealistic as it suggests crime is motivated by a desire to get revenge against inequalities in society.
Doesn’t explain why crime is mostly committed against working individuals.
