crime and deviance and social strat

Question 1

What is delinquency?

Answer 1

Minor crime and deviancy

Question 2

What is alienation?

Answer 2

Under capitalism, workers feel alienated as they have no control over production or the products of their labour

Question 3

What is meant by mass media?

Answer 3

Forms of communication that reach large audiences e.g newspapers or the internet

Question 4

What is neo-liberalism?

Answer 4

Linked to New Right and believes competition choice and privatisation are most effective ways to run aspects of society

Question 5

What is the New Right that’s associated with Charles Murray?

Answer 5

Believe the influence of the state in society should be reduced and market should have more of a role (eg marketisation)

Question 6

What did Weber say about power?

Answer 6

It’s an ability of an individual to get what they want, despite opposition , normally based on either coercion (use of force or threat) or authority

Question 7

What is corporate crime?

Answer 7

Crimes committed by employees on behalf of a company or organisation that they work for

Question 8

What did Weber say about legal rational authority?

Answer 8

Obedience is based on people accepting a set of laws or written rules about how things are done

Question 9

What are the means of production under capitalism as identified by marxists?

Answer 9

Property, factories and machinery

Question 10

What are folk devils and who studied them?

Answer 10

Groups that are defined as a threat to society’s values and are blamed for something that may not be their fault & Cohen studied them

Question 11

What did Cohen say about subculture?

Answer 11

Working class boys experience status frustration so join subcultures

Question 12

Who came up with the strain theory and what does it mean?

Answer 12

The functionalist Merton- says working class can’t achieve goals due to status and so turn to crime

Question 13

What are the 5 reactions to the strain theory?

Answer 13

Conformity, innovation, retreatism, rebellion, ritualism

Question 14

According to Durkheim, what 4 things do crime do?

Answer 14

1) Show boundaries/maintenance
2) Changes society
3) Acts as a warning
4) Provides jobs

Question 15

What does the feminist Carlen say about crime?

Answer 15

Women turn to crime if they can’t conform to the gender and class deal

Question 16

What is the feminist Heindensohns control theory?

Answer 16

Women are controlled at home, at work and in public and so they develop a bedroom culture + two separate spheres (male public + woman private)

Question 17

Why did Murray believe there was growing underclass?

Answer 17

Over generous welfare benefits

Question 18

What did Townsend find after conducing a survey on 2000 households about poverty?

Answer 18

Government hand underestimated poverty (6% vs 22%)

Question 19

How does capitalism cause crime?

Answer 19

Materialism (wealth = success)
Consumerism (wanted latest)
Competition (for wealth)

Question 20

What is meant by the glass ceiling?

Answer 20

Invisible barrier in employment that prevents some groups from gaining promotions

Question 21

What is meant by the poverty trap?

Answer 21

Little incentive for low income workers to earn extra income

Question 22

What is a master status?

Answer 22

When individuals are solely defined by their deviance e.g ‘junkie’ or ‘thief’

Question 23

What did Townsley and Marshall argue about police recorded crime?

Answer 23

Exaggerate true level of crime among some ethnic groups as police focus on individuals who they think commit more crime

Question 24

3 reasons for young people being more criminal?

Answer 24

Bad parenting, peer groups, biology

Question 25

What are lumpenproleteriats?

Answer 25

Describes a social class made up of the drop outs or criminals of society

Question 26

What is meant by a false class consciousness?

Answer 26

Where working class do not recognise that they are being exploited or do not realise where their true interests lie

Question 27

What is meant by culture of dependency?

Answer 27

A way of life that is centred on reliance on welfare benefits

Question 28

What is an aristocracy?

Answer 28

Small class of privileged people e.g Duke or Lady

Question 29

What is meant by social control?

Answer 29

The way that the norms, rules, laws and structures of the society regulate human behaviour

Question 30

Difference between wealth and income?

Answer 30

Wealth is ownership of assets whereas income is the resources received over period of time (money)

Question 31

Why could it be difficult to research the richest people in the UK?

Answer 31

People may have high income but low wealth Ownership is not always straight forward

Question 32

What is the double deviance thesis?

Answer 32

Justice system teats some woman more harshly because they are double deviants (broke the law and the gender norms)

Question 33

Why do marxists believe crime occurs?

Answer 33

In an unequal capitalist society not everyone can earn enough to consume and so people will try get material goods through illegal means

Question 34

Difference between universal benefits and means tested benefits?

Answer 34

Universal are available for everyone whereas means tested are only received if you fit a criteria

Question 35

What 4 things does the welfare service provide?

Answer 35

Health Education Welfare benefits Social services

Question 36

What 4 things does the welfare service provide?

Answer 36

Health Education Welfare benefits Social services

Question 37

What did the functionalists Davis and Moore say about inequality?

Answer 37

It’s necessary in society so that all functionally important positions can be filled

Question 38

What did the functionalists Davis and Moore say about inequality?

Answer 38

It’s necessary in society so that all functionally important positions can be filled

Question 39

What did feminists say about poverty?

Answer 39

Women more likey to experience because of gender pay gap and values in society

Question 40

What did marxists say about poverty?

Answer 40

As a result of a capitalist society- extreme wealth for bourgeoisie and poverty for proletariat

Question 41

What is meant by the crime rate?

Answer 41

Measure of crime in terms of the number of incidents of a particular crime per specified number of adults

Question 42

What are the 6 patriarchal structures Walby believed restricted women and helped maintain male domination?

Answer 42

Paid work Housework Culture Sexual behaviour Violence The state

Question 43

What is pluralism?

Answer 43

Argues a range of views, interests and opinions and that there’s no dominant political process

Question 44

What are the 3 types of authority?

Answer 44

Traditional, rational legal and charismatic

Question 45

What did Devine argue which went against Goldthorpes view?

Answer 45

Working- class lifestyles, norms and values had not changed as much

Question 46

What did Karl Marx believe there was going to be?

Answer 46

A workers revolution in which the bourgeoisie created a shared identity (exploiting the proletariat)

Question 47

What is meant by embourgeoisement?

Answer 47

Working- class families are becoming middle class in their norms and values

Question 48

What is meant by agenda setting?

Answer 48

The ability of the media to do us public attention on particular topics