Crime and Deviance - sociologists

Question 1

What did Durkheim say?

Answer 1

• Boundary Maintenance: Reasserts the value consensus and create social solidarity
• Warning device: Society needs to adapt and change

Question 2

What did Davis say?

Answer 2

Safety valve: Prostitution used to release sexual tension

Question 3

What did Merton study?

Answer 3

American dream - Goal of material success

Question 4

What are Merton’s 5 responses to strain?

Answer 4

• Rebel
• Conformist
• Innovator
• Retreatism
• Ritualist

Question 5

Who did Albert Cohen study?

Answer 5

Working Class boys

Question 6

What did Albert Cohen find?

Answer 6

• not achieving legitimately leads to status frustration
• form subcultures based on shared experiences
• create new deviant goals

Question 7

What did Cloward and Ohlin find?

Answer 7

Different subcultures respond to failure in different ways

Question 8

What did Cloward and Ohlin say the different subcultures are?

Answer 8

• Criminal subculture
• Conflict subculture
• Retreatist subculture

Question 9

What did Box say?

Answer 9

Ideological law making

Question 10

What did Chambliss say?

Answer 10

Selective law enforcement

Question 11

What did Pearce say?

Answer 11

Caring face of capitalism

Question 12

What does Becker say?

Answer 12

Moral entrepreneur - someone who tries to influence societies reaction to change the law eg: journalists, politicians

Question 13

What did Cicourel say?

Answer 13

Police use typifications

Question 14

What did Lemert say?

Answer 14

Primary and Secondary deviance

Question 15

What did Braithwaite say?

Answer 15

Reintegrative shaming - labelling can be used to reintegrate offenders

Question 16

What did Murray say?

Answer 16

Welfare dependency has led to an underclass who are more likely to be criminals

Question 17

What did Clarke say?

Answer 17

Rational choice theory

Question 18

What did Young say?

Answer 18

Working Class feel humiliated when comparing themselves to middle class

Question 19

What did Lea and Young say?

Answer 19

Subcultures are a response to lacking the means to achieve goals

Question 20

What did Heidensohn say?

Answer 20

Criminology is malestream

Question 21

How many crimes are committed by men? How much of the prison population is men?

Answer 21

80%

95%

Question 22

What did Katz say?

Answer 22

Most crimes are committed out of boredom

Question 23

What did Felson say?

Answer 23

Situational crime prevention

Question 24

What did Wolfgang find?

Answer 24

26% of murders involved victim precipitation

Question 25

What did Walters say?

Answer 25

Double the amount of people die now from pollution than 20 years ago