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CRIME AND LAW Flashcards

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1
Q

Economic cause for crime

A

Social exclusion

Unemployed people have less qualifications so live in poor housing, rely on benefits, feel excluded not able to function in normal society due to lack of funds, solve problems by turning to crime to pay

Not having mobile phone

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2
Q

Social cause of crime

A

Lack of education

Low standard of education most likely involved in crime because low standard education means limited options of empowerment so turning to crime gets what you want easier

More than half UK prison population where excluded from school

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3
Q

Social consequence of crime on victim

A

Social impact

Social life+ relationships, if victim has been assaulted lose confidence affects no

Estimated £18 billion spent on physical and emotional impact of crime on victims

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4
Q

Physical consequence of crime on victim

A

Physical impact

Face physical effect of crime

People assaulted left with cuts or broken bknes

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5
Q

Financial consequence of crime on victim

A

Financial impact

Pay for lost goods, can’t go to work so loss of wages

House Bulgare,loses household insurance

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6
Q

Consequence of crime on perpetrator’s family

A

Breakdown of relationship

Family may feel they can’t have contact with them because of their crime, family may face family loss + ridicule due to their crime, can tarnish family’s reputation

Family of sex offender embarassed + distance from them

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7
Q

Consequences of crime on victims family

A

Stress and anxiety

Fear due to crime committed, difficult for families to adequately support them through hard time

Difficult so support daughter been sexually assaulted

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8
Q

Role of police

A

Prevent crime

Launch + target campaigns to make people more aware of crime

Police Scotland launched a few campaigns

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9
Q

Power of police DAS

A

Detain and arrest

Police have a warrant to arrest suspect but some circumstances can arrest on spot

2018, 42 year old Andrew Wallace arrested after police gathered witnesses and evidence proving him a murder

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10
Q

Power of police SAS

A

Stop and search

If suspected of committing offence or carrying dangerous weapon or drugs

Police search clothes if your suspected of carrying stolen property

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11
Q

Biological cause for crime P

A

Psychopathy

Medical condition changes the way you interact with others beleive you are superior. Can result in being manipulative, lacking remorse and unsympathetic.

A recent study found that around 8% of male prisoners in the UK are psychopathic

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12
Q

Biological causes for crimes H

A

Hormones

men have higher levels of testosterone than women which makes them more aggressive and more prone to risk taking

2019-2020 around 93% if all Scottish prisoners were male compare to 7% female

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13
Q

Biological causes for crime WG

A

Warrior gene

Certain warrior genes have been identified which limit the ability of the brain to stop aggressive behaviour.

The BBC recently reported a study thAt found that people with the warrior gene were 13 times more likely to commit violent crimes

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14
Q

Economic causes for crime P

A

Poverty

When you cannot afford the basic things you need to lives. More likely to commute rimes to earn an income.

Around 25% of all crimes of dishonesty in Scotland are when people steal basic things such as food and clothing from shps

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15
Q

Economic causes for crime G

A

Greed

Having the selfish desire to get more and more of something. Typically this is linked to getting money. This could be linked to jealousy.

Former MP Natalie mcgarry still awaits trial after embezzling more than$25,000 including donations intended for a foodban

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16
Q

Consequences of crime on perpetrator GTP

A

Go to prison

Lose freedom, feel trapped, no control over your life

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17
Q

Consequences of crime on perpetrator LYJ

A

Lose your job

Less money, hard to get a new one with your criminal record, more difficult to escape a life of crime

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18
Q

Consequences of crime on perpetrator LFAF

A

Lose family and friends

Might not want to spend time with a criminal, may lose custody of children

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19
Q

Consequences of crime on families LM

A

Lose money

Might lose the main breadwinner of the house, could lose their house

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20
Q

Consequences of crime on family DS

A

Divorce or separation

Partners may separate which leads to a broken home.

Families outside estimate that 20,000 children are affected by having a parent in prison each year

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21
Q

Consequences of crime on families BR

A

Bad reputation

Seen as being bd due to a criminal family member which may affect their relationship with others

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22
Q

Consequences of crime on local community DCS

A

Damage community spirit

People scared of going out, just keep to themselves

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23
Q

Consequences of crime on local community CLRD

A

Can look rundown

Vandalism, grAfiti, arson make the local community look like not a nice place to live, environmental povery

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24
Q

Consequences of crime on wider society FC

A

Financial cost

Cost of having more police and more prisoners, average cost to look after a prisoner for one year i n a uk prison is 30,00-40,00 pounds

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25
Consequences of crime on wider society LOT
Loss of tourism Less people chose to visit the country due to high crime levels Scotland loses out of billions of pounds in tourism
26
Consequences of crime on wider society BR
Bad reputation Scotland gets a bad reputation around the world -scene as a bad country to be associated with
27
Why courts are effective/ roles
To punish people who are guilty of committing crimes To provide justice for victims of crime To keep the public safe
28
Role of criminal courts
Sentencing If found guilty, there are 2 main types of sentences- Custodial- going to prison The Scottish police service are in charge of the 15 prisons in Scotland Non custodial- alternatives to prison Include things such as community payback orders, electronic tagging etc
29
Structure and powers of the court system JOTP
Justice of the peace deal with less serious criminal cases and road traffic cases Crimes: driving offences, drunk and disorderly, vandalism Powers: fines up to 2,50, 60 days in prison, cancel driver licence
30
structure and powers of the court systems SC
Sheriff court deal with series court than JOTP but not the most severe. Can be solemn or summary depending on the case Crimes: serious assault, possession of illegal drugs, theft Powers: unlimited fine, up to5 years in prison, community payback order
31
Structure and powers of the court systems HC
High court deal with the most serious of cases Crimes: murder, rape, culpable homicide and armes robbery Powers: life sentence in prisons, unlimited fines
32
Ineffectiveness of courts NAAAD
Not acting as a deterrent The courts are not leading to less people wanting to commit crime due to the consequences and the punishments in place There are still around 250,000 recorded crimes which took place in Scotland in 2019/2020 wich is too many and shows the courts are not helping
33
Ineffectiveness of courts NSPOC
Not stopping prison over crossing Sentencing is not effective as therre are too many going to prison which is hurting the overall system and rehabilitating criminals January 2019, barlinnie prison was operating At 139% capacity
34
Ineffectiveness of courts SGDTC
Struggles greatly due to Covid 19 Many court cases have been delayed, resulting in the system backing up; while take years to get back on track Courts have had to take place virtually, using places like cinemas as venues instead of court rooms
35
Roles of the CHS R
Referral A specific incident happens, and it get referred to the children’s reporter. Typically,it will come through the police or social work, but it can come from anyone. 75% of referrals come from the police
36
Roles of the CHS I
Investigate The reporter investigates the referral by working with social work, police, schools and health and voluntary agencies No action could be taKen, it would be referred to a local organisation, or it could lead to a full children’s hearing
37
Roles of the CHS H
Hearing If the purpose of the hearing is to decide if compulsory supervision is needed for the child Key people At the hearing include the child, parents/carers, the reporter, the panel member, a social worker and more
38
Roles of the CHS O
Outcomes The hearing could end with no action being taken if the panel dont feel its necessary. Other outcomes include revisiting the situation again in a few months, or putting in place supervision of the child Only act if they feel it is in the child’s best interests
39
Powers of the CHS PCUS
Put the child under supervision A type of compulsory supervision order that allows the child to stay with their parents or carers but will get regular scheduled visits from a social worker. Could be put in place for students who regularly miss school to make sure they are attending
40
Powers of the CHS RCFTH
Remove child from their home Another type of compulsory supervison order where the child is moved to live in a foster home or a residential school. Could be if the are in danger from others if they stay in their normal home and suroundings
41
Government responses to crime VRU
Violence reduction unit Setup in 205 to stem the tide of knife crime across the country, funded by the scottish government
42
Government responses to crime CIRV
Community initiative to reduce violence Set up in December 2008 to tackle gang violence in the east end of Glasgow On average 50% reduction in violent offending by gang members who engaged with CIRV
43
Government responses to crime MIVPP
Mentors in violence prevention programme Aims to train students in schools to speak out against bullying, sexual harassment, dating violence, rape, and all forms of violent and abusive behaviour Empowers students to take an active role in promoting a positive school climate
44
Government responses to crime RRAR
Rights, respects and recovers Treats the issue of drug use and drug related crime as a public health issue rather than a criminal justice issue Focuses on preventing drug use before it starts
45
Government responses to crime effectiveness TRCIL
Total recorded crime is low Levels of crime have decreased by 27% over the last 10 years
46
Government responses to crime effectiveness RCICAD
Recorded crime in certain areas is decreasing Aberdeen city experienced an 8% fall in crime in the last year
47
Government responses to crime effectiveness VCHR
Violent crime has reduced Violent crime figures decreased by over 20% in the last 10 years
48
Government responses to crime ineffectiveness SACC
Stil a lot of crimes are committed There were still a total of 250,000 crimes recorded by police Scotland in 2019/20
49
Government responses to crime ineffectiveness RCICAD
Recorded crime in certain areas is increasing West Dunbartonshire has had a 13% increase in recorded crimes in the past year
50
Government responses to crime ineffectiveness SCHI
Sexual crimes have increased There has been a 100% increase in the number of sexual crimes in the last 10 years
51
Powers of the police AS
Arrest suspects Can arrest individuals after thorough investigation and when they have reasonable grounds to suspect they commited a crime For assault, vandalism, theft, drug distribution and more
52
Powers of the police SAS
Stop and search The power tos top you and ask personal information and where your going or where you’ve been
53
Powers of the police PTP
Policing the police People can make a compilation about the lice if they that they have overstepped their powers and broken their special set of guidelines Assaulting sus tend criminials, obstructing justices or stealing resources and more
54
Roles of the police/ effectiveness
Protect people and property Maintain public order stop people breaking the law and arrest and bring to court those who do Help people who are in trouble or who need information and advice
55
Police effectiveness TRCIL
Tot crime is low Levels of recorded crime have decreased by 27% over the last 10 years
56
Police responses effectiveness VCHR
Violent crimes have reduced Violent crime figures decreased by over 20% in the last 10 years
57
Roles/effectiveness of prisons PTP
Protect the public Offenders being in prison means they cant commit crimes Scotland currently at 7,000 prisonsers
58
Roles/effectiveness of prisons R
Rehabilitation System aims to reform prisoners, so they dont want to reoffend again 2019, 3.4 million pounds given to support mentor schemes in scottish prisons
59
Roles/effectiveness of police J
Justice Prison provides justice for victims who have suffered crime agains them or those they know Murder will be given a life sentence in prison for their crimes
60
Prisons ineffectiveness E
Expensive Putting people in prison costs a lot of money Cost of a prisoner in Scotland is about 32,00 pounds a year
61
Prisons ineffectiveness OC
Overcrowding The system is struggling to cope with the sheer number of prisoners January 2019, barlinnie poisoning was operating at 139% capacity
62
Prison inffectiveness HRRWDU
High reoffending rate with drug users Reoffending rates is 58% for those following a drug treatment and testing order
63
Non custodial/ alternatives to prison punishments F
Fines Financial payment made to the court, very common, size depends on the crime If someone caught speeding, as part of their penalty they will Ned to pay a 60pound fine
64
Non custodial/ alternatives to prison punishments CPO
Community payback orders CPOs designed so that offenders put something back into the community, helps the offender from reoffending Litter clearance, graffiti removal, environmental wokr
65
Non custodial/ alternatives to prison punishments ET
Electronic tagging Offender is fitted with an electronic tag which is kept monitored, if they violate the curfew they are arrested and may be sent to prison Used with gang members in the east end of Glasgow to stop them being out at night
66
Non custodial/ alternatives to prison punishments RTP
Road traffic penalties The Scottish justice system uses fines, points on your license and bans in order to deal with road traffic offences Being caught on your phone carried 3 penalty points on your license and a 60pound fine
67
Non custodial sentences effectiveness
No family break up Community benefit form unpaid work Reduce prison vercrowding Lower cost - much cheaper to pay tax payer Prison does not act as a deterrent - issued with reoffending
68
Non custodial sentences ineffectiveness
People might not afford fines, so go to prison Seen as being soft Offenders may continue to offen outside of restricted areas or times of their electronic tag If a criminal moves out of the range of their electronic tag it may take some times to recapture them

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