crime and punishment Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
rehabillitation
A
To change and fix a person
2
Q
deterrence
A
An action of discouraging an action or crime through harsh punishments.
3
Q
capital punishment
A
Death penalty
4
Q
corporal punishment
A
maiming or a beating
5
Q
crimes against property
A
crimes like theft, arson and robbery
6
Q
crimes against a person
A
crimes like murder and assault
7
Q
crimes against the king
A
crimes like betraying the king
8
Q
blood fued
A
When a person killed someone and the person who was killed’s relatives kills the murderer creating an endless cycle.
9
Q
weirgeild
A
a fine you have to pay to the family of the person you killed, a solution to blood fueds.
10
Q
hierarchy
A
societies ranking
11
Q
medevil england
A
1000-1500
12
Q
early modern
A
1500-1700
13
Q
18th
A
-19th century
14
Q
20th
A
-21st century
15
Q
tithings
A
10 groups that made up a hundred
16
Q
trial by ordeal
A
example of trial by ordeal- tie you up and drop you in water if you sink then your innocent if you float your guilty.
17
Q
taking oaths
A
a way of proving innocence
18
Q
stocks and pillaries
A
hands and head were locked in place. a way of humiliating people.
19
Q
hue and cry
A
if someone saw a crime being commited they would shout criminal and everyone in the town would come to stop them.
20
Q
continuity from saxons to the normans
A
trial by ordeal
hue and cry
church still very important
21
Q
murdrum fine
A
if norman was murdered and the murderer was not found the community would pay a fine.
the money would then be given to the king
22
Q
who was the king at the time of the normans
A
william the conquerer
23
Q
poaching
A
illegal hunting
24
Q
outlaws
A
criminals on the run
25
royal forest
the forest only the royalty could enter
26
poaching punishment
corporal or capital punishment
27
why was the punishment for poaching so severe?
deterence
28
why did people continue to poach?
key to their survival
29
folville gang-outlaws
leader-eustace folville
carried out kidnaps, robbery and extortion
30
clergy
people who worked for the church
31
pope
leader of the catholic church
32
trial by combat
whoever wins innocent loser guilty
33
benefit of the clergy
lenient to the death penalty and had access to church courts
34
what did people have to recite to prove they were a clergy?
psalm 51
35
sanctuary
a place to get help
36
church courts
only clergys could use them
more lenient with the death penalty than regular courts
37
what would the church give to an accused person?
40 days to leave the country
38
heresy
a crime against the word of god and having a different faith
39
secular
non-religious
40
high treason
plotting to kill the king
41
hung drawn and quatred
criminal was was hung (near death) emasculated, disembowelled, beheaded and quatred.
42
maiming
a limb being chopped off
43
statute of labourers
the laws that meant you could not ask for a pay rise
44
coroners
visit and determine cause of suspicious deaths.
45
heretic
people whom commit the crime of heresy
46
catholic
pope head of the church
churches full of gold
bible in latin
believes in miracles
monks and nuns
47
protestants
bible is in english
king is head of the church
do not believe in miracles
allows divorce
48
explain the gunpowder plot
the gun powder plot was led by a man named guy fawkes whom attempted to blow up goverment in 1605 because he was unhappy about the way him and other catholics were being treated.
49
James I
He was furious with the catholics plot so he set lots of new rules in place
-catholics were forced to take an oath of allegiance to the english crown
- catholics forced to take part in protestant rituals or pay fines
-catholics restricted from voting until 1829, becoming mp's or owning any land.
50
witches
85 percent were women mostly, old, single and poor.
they'd have a black cat
they'd have be thought to be an evil old women
51
witch trial
swimming trial:
- hands and feet were tied up and they were then thrown into the water if they sunk they were innocent if the floated they were guilty.
52
how did people protect themselves from witches
-scratched symbols into the top of their doors to protect themselves
-hid items to protect themselves
53
matthew hopkins
-witch finder general
- he would torture a confession out of people
- he accused women of having sex with the devil
-he earned between £6-£23 for each witch he caught.
-people began to think he was more dangerous than witches.
-he slaughtered over 200 women
-Hopkins was convicted for illegal torture
-he got tuberculosis and died
- alicia holland was the last to be trialled
54
henry VIII religion
catholic- protestant
55
Edward VI religion
protestant
56
bloody mary religion
catholic
57
Elizabeth I religion
protestant
58
vagabonds/vagrants
homeless people/ people without a job
59
smuggling
to carry items into the country illegally
60
import duties
taxes on products when they enter a country
61
why was smuggling a hard law to enforce?
People wanted cheaper prices on items.
62
why did vagabonds become a crime?
Because they began commiting crimes since they had no job or money
63
dummerers
those pretending to be death or mute
64
drunken tinkers
thieves using trade as a cover story
65
piggars and prancers
horse theives
66
kinchin morts
girl beggars
67
puritant
very strict protestant
68
puritant laws
christmas illegal
pubs banned
makeup banned
chruch banned on christmas day
sunday sports banned
theatre banned
69
bloody code
In 1668 (17th century) over 50 crimes became punishable by death e.g stealing from a shipwreck, writing a threatening letter to someone, damaging westminster bridge, being in the company of gypsies for a month
70
bloody codes intention
deterent
71
why were some people not receiving the death penalty?
Because they proved previous good.
72
bloody code in 18th century
now 200 crimes punishable by capital punishment
73
humanitarian
the idea that humans should look after each other
74
why did the bloody codes end in 1823?
-many people were given a pardon from the court since the crimes commited could be really minor e.g theft
-it was unfair to the poor because the rich would just bribe there way out of receiving the death penalty
-humanitarian ideas
-increase in crime- public hangings with large crouds.
75
highway robbery
highway men would steal from the rich in there carriages
76
dick terpin
-highway man
-joined gregory gang
-changed his name to john palmer after running off to yorkshire
-the mailman taught him to read and write
-the mailman turned him in
77
black act
when lots of laws became punishable by death
78
hawkurst gang
gang of smugglers
very violent
from sussex
gang leaders received capital punishment and were hung up as a warning in their villages as a warning
79
tolpudle martrys
asked for 10 shillings a week or they wouldn't work, then they got sent to australia
people protested and they were brought back to england.
80
penal colony
use of prisoners to take over a country.
81
reasons to use australia as a convict destination
-increase in population
-britain lost the war of independence to america
criminals increased, not enough criminals
82
When was the last public hanging
The last public hanging was on the 26th may 1868 and was given to Micheal Barret
83
what was wrong with early prisons?
you could pay someone to live out your prison sentence.
Criminals would encourage bad behaviour and get involved in gangs.
prisoners would get involved in riots.
They had access to gin and prostitutes.
They could pay to live in the governers house
84
seperate systems
to isolate prisoners from one another
a way to reform and stop the encouragement of gangs
85
hard labour
in prisons it was used as a deterrence
86
Elizabeth fry and Jon Howard
humanitarians who were outraged with the conditions of prisons.
they tried to make the prisons better.
87
Bow street runners
established in 1748
formed by henry fielding
detect criminals
in 1785 they were payed by the goverment
88
town constables
role was to capture pick pockets
stop drunken fights
were chosen by the community
89
night watch men
would stop petty crimes
were not paid
would carry around a lantern and tell people to go home late at night
90
Provenance
who it was written by and what type of source it is then explain why it matters
91
context
when the source was made and why
92
content
what is included in the source and how this helps us understand history
93
where is whitechapel located?
East London
94
who started the metropolitan police?
Robert peel
95
Where were the scotland yard headquatres?
London
96
By 1885 how many men were police officers?
13,319
97
working class- whitechapel
most people worked in factories
lots of drunks/alcholics
tuberculosis was killing many people
98
victorian times
child labour
poverty
dirty streets
payed very little
99
lodging houses
offered a bed for 3-8 hour sleeping shifts a day.
the houses had poor sanitation and lots of rats.
over 200 lodging houses in whitechapel
100
peabody estate
housed 2000 people
known as the devils acre since it was commonly used by prostitutes
rent started at 3 shillings a week.
101
immigration
someone who moves to a different country
102
xenephobia
fear of immigration
103
anarchy
political movement that opposes all forms of organised goverment.
104
improving the image of the h division
since people did not like nor trust the police they had to improve there image; through supporting the community, turning blind eyes to abortions, help in soup kitchens (this confused people).
105
give a feature of the h division
if they were not in their section they would be fined.
106
Jack the ripper
never caught
killed many women (all prostitutes)
6 confirmed to have been his victims
took out there intestines
1888
107
police tactics
dressed as prostitutes
CID detected clues- missing ring from victim
interviewed locals
used coroners
no bounty but they worked in soup kitchens to gain trust to receive information
advert for witnesses- 300 people pretendedd to be the ripper
used blood hounds but forgot to pay the owner so they only used them once
108
police failed because
no dna
no finger prints- not used often
they got rid of evidence
police rivalry- washing away evidence to stop other departments from solving the case.
news critisised police- therefore people loosing trust with the police
109
21st century crimes
racism
domestic abuse
driving offences
homophobic crimes
murder
tax evasion
extortion
emezillment
assault
human trafficking etc.
110
how are crimes provented now?
cameras
forensic science
dna database
