crime - collection of evidence (cognitive interview)

Question 1

Reids techniques of interrogation

Answer 1

positive confrontation. theme development. handling details. overcoming objections. retention. handling passivity. oral and written confession.

Question 2

cognitive interview

Answer 2

report everything. recall in different order. context reinstatement. recall from different perspective

Question 3

fisher

Answer 3

fiel experiment in Florida. pps: 16 police officers. 7 were trained in CI, other 9 using standard interview. using CI gained 63% more info than the SI. when comparing the 7 CI group, there was a 47% increase in information gathered

Question 4

Memon and Higham - theme 1: effectiveness of the CI

Answer 4

milne showed context reinstatement used alone obtains as much info as the CI. recollection from a different perspective may encourage fabrication from witnesses

Question 5

Theme 2:comparison interviews

Answer 5

CI compared with the standard interview, guided memory interview and structured interview. the structured interview is a good comparison as it encourages building rapport.

Question 6

Theme 3: measure of memory

Answer 6

traditional interviews inhibit memory recall. the CI encourages memory recall. however we must be cautious of the chance of false memories.

Question 7

Theme 4: quality of training

Answer 7

interviewer training is important to the use of the CI. motivation, attitude and past experiences has an impact on how successful interviewers were. Memon advised a 2 day course and regular revision.

Question 8

Memon and higham - conclusion

Answer 8

there are still many things to develop and many questions to answer about the CI

Question 9

the PEACE model

Answer 9

P: prep and planning, encouraged to plan the interview
E: engage and explain, form a rapport
A: account, allow witness to give own account
C: closure, close interview properly
E: evaluation, allows interviewer to establish inaccuracies.

Question 10

Application: hypnotherapy

Answer 10

forensic hypnosis to help recall witnesses detail of the events. however it makes witnesses more open to suggestibility. this is based upon the assumption that witnesses may be able to retrieve more info under hypnosis, as the witness may repress information unconsciously as a defence mechanism -> Freud (the theory supports the application)
Dwyer: police hypnotised a boy. the boy said he saw his father murder his mother. the father was imprisoned for murder. a couple months later the mother turned up unharmed. (this study is against the application)