Crime Control

Question 1

Clarke

Answer 1

Situational Crime Prevention is a pre - empative approach that relies on reducing opportunities for crime

Question 2

Chaiken et al

Answer 2

Crackdown on subway robberies in NY just displaced them to the streets

Question 3

Wilson and Kelling
(Crime)

Answer 3

Use phrase ‘broken windows’ to stand for various signs of order and lack of concern for others found in some neighbourhoods - leaving unrepaired sends signal no one cares

Question 4

Wilson and Kelling

Answer 4

Solution is to use zero - tolerance policing

Question 5

Foucault

Answer 5

Experts have important role in applying specialist knowledge to correcting deviant behaviour

Question 6

Gill and Loveday

Answer 6

Few robbers/burglers are put off by CCTV

Question 7

Haggerty and Ericson

Answer 7

Surveillance tech now involve manipulation of virtual objects in cyberspace
^ can now combine different tech

Question 8

Norris and Armstrong

Answer 8

Massively disproportionate targeting of young black males by CCTV

Question 9

Mathlesen

Answer 9

Media allows surveillance from below
^ calls this ‘synoptcion’ - everybody watches everybody

Question 10

McCahill

Answer 10

Occasional bottom - up scrutiny unable to reverse established ‘hierarchy of surveillance’

Question 11

Lyon

Answer 11

Purpose of social sorting is so people can be treated differently according to risk level

Question 12

Marx

Answer 12

Risk management places entire social groups under ‘categorial suspicion’

Question 13

Durkheim

Answer 13

The function of punishment is to reinforce social solidarity and is primarily expressive

Question 14

Melossi and Pavarini

Answer 14

Imprisonment reflects capitalist relations of production
- similar strict disciplinary style, involving subordination

Question 15

Garland

Answer 15

USA and lesser extent UK moving towards mass incarceration

Question 16

Cohen

Answer 16

This growth has simply cast net over control over more people

Question 17

Newburn and Rock

Answer 17

poorer groups 12x more likely to experience violence

Question 18

Christie

Answer 18

‘Victim’ is a social construct

Question 19

Hans Von Heting
(Positivist Victimology)

Answer 19

13 characteristics of victims. E.g: women, elderly. Victims in some way ‘invite victimisation’ based on who they are

Question 20

Amir
(Positivist Victimology)

Answer 20

same as saying rape victims ‘asked for it’

Question 21

Tombes and Whyte

Answer 21

Victim is a social construct same way as ‘crime’ or ‘criminal’
. Acts as ideological function for powerful groups