Crime: Functionalist theory

Question 1

Durkheim’s two positive functions of crime?

Answer 1

• Boundary maintenance

- Adaptation and change.

Question 2

Explain the positive function of boundary maintenance

Answer 2

Crime produces a reaction from society and it unites its members in condemnation of the wrongdoer and reinforcing their commitment to the shared norms and values.

Question 3

Explain the positive function of adaptation and change

Answer 3

For Durkheim, all change starts with an act of deviance. There must be some scope for them to challenge and change existing norms and values.

Question 4

What do functionalists say about too much crime?

Answer 4

Too much crime threatens the bonds of society.

Question 5

What do functionalists say about too little crime?

Answer 5

Too little crime means that society is repressing and controlling its members too much, stifling individual freedom and preventing change.

Question 6

Quote what Durkheim said about crime.

Answer 6

‘Crime is normal… An integral part of all healthy societies’

Question 7

Two criticisms of functionalism

Answer 7

• Crime may not always promote solidarity, it could lead to isolation
• It looks at the functions for society as a whole and ignores how it can affect others, for example victims.