Crime (knowledge) Flashcards
(17 cards)
Social causes of crime
(Adverse Childhood Experiences) ACE’s - 20x more likely to be imprisoned
Drunk - 40% of prisoner were drunk when committing crimes
Education - People excluded from school more likely to commit crime
Economic causes of crime
Greed - Natalie McGarry
Poverty - 75% of London boroughs with highest violence rates are in top 10 deprived areas
Unemployment - London has high rates of youth crime and youth unemployment
Biological causes of crime
Warrior Gene - 13x more likely to repeat violent behaviour
Hormones/Testosterone - 90% of prisoners are male
Brain Development/Psychopathy - Aaron Campbell
The impact of crime on perpetrators
Loss of Liberty - Aaron Campbell
Breakdown of relationships - Lee Cyrus’ family disowned him
Job opportunities - 30% of firms won’t hire ex-convicts
The impact of crime on victims
Death/Severe Injury - Sarah Everard
Trauma - PTSD
Financial - Theft victims may have to pay to replace stolen items if not insured
The impact of crime on families
Grief - Alisha McPhail’s mother
Loss of main breadwinner - Wayne Cousins’s family
Stigma and humiliation - Wayne Cousins’s family
The impact of crime on communities
Anxiety in Local Communities - Bute/Alesha MacPhail
Higher insurance premium - car insurance in Edinburgh can be based on post code
House prices fall because people don’t want to live in the area
The impact of crime on the wider society
Distrust of police - Wayne Cousins was a policeman
Groups in Society feel unsafe - Sarah Everard
Structure of the court system
High Court - usually Edinburgh & Glasgow
Sheriff Court - 49 in 6 sheriffdoms
Justice of Peace Courts - minor offences
Children’s Panel - under 18’s
The differences in powers available in each court
High Court - Life imprisonment, unlimited fines
Sheriff Court - solemn (jury) 5 yrs, unlimited fine, summary (no jury) - 1 yr, £10,000
JP Courts - 60 days, £2500
Children’s Panel - Supervision Requirement
Adv of the criminal court system
Overall crime is at a record low crime has fallen by 22% since 2011
They provide justice to victims - Sarah Everard
They keep the public safe - Aaron Campbell
Disadv of the criminal court system
Reoffending rates are high - 30%
Some crime is increasing - sexual crimes
Some guilty people get away - 20% rape trials are Not Proven
Government responses to crime in Scotland
Campaigns - No Knives Better Lives
Policy - Presumption Against Shorter Sentencing
Alcohol - Minimum Unit Pricing
Role of prisons
Rehabilitation Drug and Alcohol Treatment
Keep Public Safe Aaron Campbell
Deterrence
Disadv of prisons
Drugs - 75% prisoners had drugs
Cost - £47k per prisoner per year
Overcrowding - 300-400 over capacity in Scotland
Adv to alternatives to prison
Community Payback Order - keeps people out of prison
Home Detention Curfew Order (tagging) - cheaper
A Fine - can keep job (e.g. Eric Lavender)
Disadv to alternatives to prison
Community Payback Order - only 74% completed
Tagging can be broken - James Wright
Fines - 60% unpaid
