Crime & Media - 4.6 Flashcards by Mic harindran

Media Rep of Crime (KS)

> Wilson & Dickinson (Media Rep)

> Cohen & Young (Social Construction of News & News Values)

> Mandel (Fictional Rep)

> Surette ( (FR) & Law of Opposites, & 3 Recent Trends)

> Osbourne (Crime as PM Spectacle)

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Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

> Overreps Violent/Sexual Crime

> Criminals & V’s portrayed as older & + MC > reality

> Exaggerate police success & risk of victimisation

> Reported as separate events & overplays extraordinary crime

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Overreps Violent/Sexual Crime (Examples of Media Distortion of Crime)

> Lots of reports but only 3% of crime

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Criminals/V’s portrayed as older & + MC > reality

Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

> e.g. Felson - Age Fallacy

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Exaggerate police success & risk of victimisation

Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

> PO big source of info, so present rep as good - so keep getting info

> Exaggerate victimisation of F, W, MC - actually - likely to be V’s

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Reported as separate events & overplays extraordinary crime

Examples of Media Distortion of Crime

> Unlinked & no discussion on underlying causes

> e.g. Felson Dramatic Fallacy focus only dramatic crimes to + engagement

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Media SC of News/News Values (Cohen & Young)

> Distorted pic of crime, not discovered but manufactured

> Not just out their to be collected, process of selection of occurs, due 2 need 2 meet criteria

> 2 be newsworthy enough e.g. + attention 4 crime as it shows unusual behaviour

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Examples of News Values

> Risk: V stories on vulnerability/fear
Violence: Visual & spectucular acts

> Celebrities
> Unexpectedness 
> Personalisation: Human interests stories about individuals 
> Immediacy: Breaking News
> Dramatisation: Action & Excitement
> Simplification: Clear stories

RV CUPIDS

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Mandel (Fictional Representations)

> From 1945-85, 10 bil crime thrillers sold & 20% of films are crime-related

> Influence understanding of crime.

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Surette (Fictional Representation (FR) & Law of Opposites)

> FR opp of OS but = as news coverage e.g. property crimes underep & violence/sex crime overep

> FR sex crimes done by psychopathic stranger, not acquaintances

> FR of cops always get but + crimes unsolved

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Surette - Fictional Representation (FR) & Law of Opposites (3 Recent Trends)

> ‘Reality’ now feature young, non W offenders w/ + view of police as corrupt/brutal

> V’s + central, w/ law enforcers seen as avenger & audiences invited to identify w/ suffering

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Osbourne (Crime as Postmodern Spectacle)

> Media reporting of crime due 2 need for spectacle.

> Engaging as we’re repelled by activities & fascinated @ = time.

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Media as a Cause of Crime (KS)

> Tumber (Fear of Crime)
Greer & Reiner (Fear of Crime)

> Lea & Young (Media, RD & Crime)

> Hayward & Young (Cultural Criminology & Media-Scape)
Fenwick & Hayward (Cultural Criminology, Media & Commodification)

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Media as Cause of Crime

> -ve effect on young & WC, rap lyrics, horror films & games

> e.g. GTA criticised for encouraging violence & criminality

> But research says exposure to media violence, w/ - effect

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Ways Media Causes Crime

> Imitation
> Arousal
> Desensitisation
> Transmitting Knowledge
> + Desires for unobtainable goods 
> Glamourisation of Offending

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Imitation

Copycat behaviour e.g. deviant role models

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Arousal

Viewing violent /sexual imagery.

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Desensitisation

Repeated violent/sexual imagery - normal

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Transmitting Knowledge

Of criminal techniques

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+ Desires for unobtainable

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e.g. advertising = innovation/LR & RD

Livingstone (Criticisms of Media as Cause of Crime)

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> Societies still obsessed by desire for childhood to be GA of innocence

Media & Fear of Crime

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> Exaggerate violence & risks of 4 young W/OAP = unrealistic fear

Tumber (Fear of Crime)

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media use = + fear of crime

> e.g. tabloid & TV users w/ + fear of being V of mugging/attack

Criticisms of Tumber

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> e.g. already scared of going out @ night, so + media as result

Greer & Reiner (Fear of Crime)

> Ppl give diff meanings to media violence e.g. in cartoons, horror flims & news > Need 2 look @ meanings of what they see & read

Lea & Young (Media, RD & Crime))

> Media + RD on WC = due 2 emphasis on consumerism > Stimulates social exclusion - WC can’t afford goods = theft

Hayward & Young (Cultural Criminology & Media-Scape)

> Immersed in media scape w/images of crime in media-saturated society > Blurs boundary vs image & reality e.g. gang violence staged 4 underground fight videos

Fenwick & Hayward (Cultural Criminology Media & Commodification)

> Crime images used to market to youth as e.g. romantic & exciting > e.g. fashion e.g. Opium, Poison & Obsession & S60 > Works opp way e.g. if brands associated w/ criminality banned in pubs etc & allows identification of potential criminals

Process of MP

> ME dislike behaviour use media 2 put pressure on authorities > = -ve label influences ppl’s reaction = MP > Group become FD = crackdown, = SFP & amplifies issue creates DAS

Moral Panic (KS)

> Cohen (Mods & Rockers, Media Exaggerations & Implications & Wider-Context) > Functionalism > NM

Cohen (Moral Panic & Mods & Rockers)

> 1 weekend 2 subcultures w/ scuffles & small property damage exaggerated by media > So looks uncontrollable & emphasize supposed diff > Overnight a new FD created = MP

Cohen & Elements to Media Exaggeration of M&R

> Symbolisation > Exaggeration & Distortion > Prediction of + Conflict

Symbolisation (Elements to Media Exaggeration of M&R)

> Used symbolic shorthands e.g. hairstyles, clothes & music 2 spot deviants & link unconnected events > Wider society + aware of = -ve labelling

Exaggeration & Distortion (Elements to Media Exaggeration of M&R)

> Of NO’s & seriousness & damage w/sensational headlines > Non-events even reported as news e.g. invasions not materialising

Implications of Media Exaggerations

+ calls 4 control = + stigma as deviant - tolerance > Media Emphasisation of diff = + adoptions of style & + clashes = SFP > In large society don't all exp event rely on media = portrayal as FD

Cohen (Wider Context, MP & M&R)

> MP due 2 uncertainty on boundary vs im/morality @ time of SC > FD give focus to popular anxieties on social disorder

Functionalist view on MP

> Response 2 anomie due 2 SC dramatizes threat to society > + CC & reassert social control after threat 2 central values.

NM view on Moral Panics

> e.g. mugging distract attention from crisis of capitalism > Divides WC on racial grounds & legitimate authoritarian rule.

A03 Criticisms of MP (KS)

> LR | > McRobbie & Thornton (Frequency & Context)

LR (Criticisms of MP)

> Sees societal reaction overtop, but who decides this, fear of crime is rational

McRobbie & Thornton (Frequency & Context)

> Frequency of MP + not big deal > No deviancy > e.g. LPF harder for media to create MP (Context)

Global Cyber-Crime (KS)

> Thomas & Loader (Def of Cybercrime) > Jewkes (New Opportunities) > Wall (4 Categories of Cybercrime)

Thomas & Loader (Def of Cybercrime)

Illegal Computer activity w/use of global electronic networks

Jewkes (New Opportunities)

> Tech allows 4 conventional crimes e.g. fraud & new ones e.g. software piracy

Wall (4 Categories of Cybercrime)

> Cyber-Trespass > Cyber-Deception > Cyber-Porn > Cyber-Violence

Cyber-Trespass & Deception

> Hacking & spreading viruses (CT) > Identity Theft, violation of IP rights e.g. illegal downloads (CD)

Cyber-Porn & Violence

> Now w/minors & accessible 4 kids online (CP) > Cyberstalking, Cyberbullying (CV)

Policing Cyber Crime

> Hard due 2 complexity & limited resources of PO/globalised nature > Alao allows + ways 2 surveil pop e.g. CCTV, fingerprints etc

Crime & Media - 4.6 Flashcards

(48 cards)