crime prevention + control sociologists Flashcards
(11 cards)
CLARK - situational crime prevention
- reducing opportunities for crime
- increasing effort/risks while reducing rewards
- e.g. anticlimb paint, alarms, CCTV etc
- target hardening measures: locks, CCTV etc
- supports the idea that criminals think logically - weigh out opportunities
FELSON - example of SCP
- port authority bus in NYC
- badly designed - ideal for theft
- redesigning the building reduces opportunity to commit crime
WILSON + KELLING - broken windows study (environemental crime prevention)
- right realism
- social/physical deterioration
- no sense of community
- police turn blind eye - deviance amplification
- solutions: stop begging, alcohol free zones, remove deterioration/hostile architecture
- zero tolerance policing
GILL + LOVEDAY - feminists on CCTV
- argue most criminals are not put off by CCTV
- function is ideological - makes people feel safer
- contribute to male gaze - women more visible to male camera operators
THOMPSON - later surveillance theories
powerful groups/politicians are fearful of the media uncovering info about them (synopicon)
MACCAHILL - reverse hierarchies
synopicon of social media cannot reverse hierarchies as the police have the power to confiscate phones
FOUCALT - how punishment has changed
punishment relates to societies power structures to demonstrate power
SOVERIGN POWER
- before 19th century
- inflicting visible pain
- emotional spectacle
DISCIPLINARY POWER
- after 19th century
- surveillance
- controls body, mind and soul
- more effective
FOUCALT - panopican
- all cells are visible to guards, not visible to prisoners
- self-surveillance do not know if they are being watched
- other institutions (school, factories, mental asylums) have adopted this
- disciplinary power has infiltrated every part of society
CRITICISMS of FOUCALT
- assumes emotional aspect of punishment has disappeared
- overestimates the power of surveillance - doesn’t stop crime, just helps solve it
FEELY + SIMON - technology of power
- focuses on groups
- focuses on preventing offenders
- uses calculations of risk
- increasingly used
- e.g. airport screens
- awarded points based on gender, age, ethnicity
- more points + more likely to be stopped at customs
DAVID LYON - categorical suspicion
- people treated differently based on risk
- become suspects simply because they are a certain age, ethnicity etc
- e.g. 2010 west midlands police put up 150 cameras in muslim suburbs of birmingham as an act of ‘counter-terrorism’
