crime stats

Question 1

How many times more likely are NEETs to become criminals?

Answer 1

NEETs are 20x more likely to become criminals

Question 1

how many times are prisoners less likely to have GCSEs in English and Maths

Answer 1

Prisoners are 3-4x less likely to have GCSEs in English and Maths

Question 2

What percentage of prisoners have English GCSE?

Answer 2

13%

Question 3

what percentage of people on work benefits have criminal records?

Answer 3

22%

Question 4

Hood 1992

Answer 4

Found that even when the seriousness of the crime was taken into account, Black men were 5x more likely to be jailed and given a sentence that is 3 months longer.

Question 5

The Macpherson Report 1999

Answer 5

Branded the police as institutionally racist, despite attempts to get rid of discriminatory behaviour.

Question 6

Case studies of ethnic minorities being treated unjustly by the CJS:

Answer 6

-Central Park 5
-Stephen Lawrence case

Question 7

what percentage of Black boys are raised in lone parent households?

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

How much is the value of transnational organised crime estimated to cost by the UN

Answer 8

£1 trillion per year

Question 9

what percentage of arrests in 2019 were male?

Answer 9

85%

Question 10

how many times more likely are men to commit crime than women?

Answer 10

4x

Question 11

what percentage of the PRISON population is male?

Answer 11

95%

Question 12

Islington Crime survey

Answer 12

found that inner city dwellers were often w/c, low income and from minority ethnic groups which had the highest chances of becoming victims of crimes.

Question 13

The Tax Justice Network 2012

Answer 13

estimated that £21-£32 trillion was kept in overseas tax havens, leading to a loss of $250 billion in tax

Question 14

evidence of corporations (US) doing more harm than street crime (Laureen Snider)

Answer 14

-Deepwater Horizon oil spill in Mexico 2010
-Drug Thalidamide- US drug company gave to pregnant women causing 1000s of children to be born with deformed limbs- no one was ever punished and held accountable
-Rana Plaza in Dhaka killed over 1000 people

Question 15

Williams and Dickinson (news coverage)

Answer 15

found that over 30% of the coverage of the sun but just 5% of the guardian was devoted to crime.

Question 16

How many times more likely are Black people to die in police constraint?

Answer 16

7x

Question 17

How many times more likely are Black people to be stopped and searched than white people

Answer 17

9x

Question 18

The Carston Report (women out of work)

Answer 18

found that 40% of women in prison had been out of work for 5 years or more.

Question 19

Owen Jones (tax fraud compared to benefit fraud)

Answer 19

suggests that tax evasion costs the British government 20x the amount of benefit fraud.

Question 20

Evidence for Truancy and Crime - The Youth Justice Board

Answer 20

the Youth Justice Board in 2000 shows that nearly ¾ of excluded admitted offending in the last 12 months.

Question 21

Kingsley Davis (Durkheim) crime and safety valve

Answer 21

argued that prostitution bolstered monogamous relationships by providing an unemotional, impersonal and unthreatening release for the sexual energy of married promiscuous males.

Question 22

Moral Panic example- Cohens Mods and Rockers

Answer 22

Cohen classic study into the mods and rockers illustrated how the media built up these two groups into folk devils which caused people to classify themselves as either mods or rockers. This caused the violence between them which also confirmed them as troublemakers in the eyes of the public.

Question 23

Example of situational crime prevention- The Troubled Families initative

Answer 23

Government targeted intervention with the most troubled 120,000 families in an attempt to increase opportunities for children and reduce overall crime.

Question 24

November 2015 Prison population

Answer 24

87,700

Question 25

Victim precipitation- Wolfgang

Answer 25

Wolfgang found that 26% of 588 homicides involved victim precipitation. The victim triggered the events leading to their murder.

Question 26

Reconviction rates: Liebling and Crewe

Answer 26

Found that about 50% are reconvicted of an offence within two years and 35% end up back in prison over the same period.

Question 27

Chaiken et al

Answer 27

Argues that situational crime prevention does not always work, instead it moves crime somewhere else.

Question 28

Scheweinhart- Perry Preschool project

Answer 28

Intellectual enrichment programme who were compared to a control project. Found that those who were involved in the Perry preschool project after 40 years were more likely to graduate high school, be in stable employment and not be in prison.

Question 29

How many crimes were recorded in 2022/23?

Answer 29

There were just under 6.74 million crime offences recorded by the police in in England and Wales in 2022/23, which was the highest figure recorded since 2002/03

Question 30

Garland- criticism of situational crime prevention

Answer 30

Argues that it ignores the causes of crime, dealing only with limiting its extent and impact. It takes no account of factors such as inequality and relative deprivation in causing crime.

Question 31

Amnesty international- state crimes

Answer 31

Found that in 2009, 111 countries practised ill treatment and torture.

Question 32

Kelman and Hamilton

Answer 32

Suggested 3 features of obedience in state crimes: authorisation from the state, routinisation of abuse and dehumanisation

Question 33

Greer and Reiner

Answer 33

Found that 1/3 of all media reports were on homicides Found a tendency for tabloid newspapers to devote a higher proportion of their space to crime.