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o+v MCQs > crime type 8 - terrorism > Flashcards

crime type 8 - terrorism Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

terrorism act 2000 definition

A

terrorism is the use of threat of action, both in and outisde of the uk, designed to influence any international government organisation or to intimidate the public
- it must also be for the purpose of advancing polticial, relgious, racial or ideological cause

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2
Q

fussey and richards claim there are 4 key differences between crime and terrorism, what are they?

A
  • ideology
  • symbolism
  • process
  • grievance
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3
Q

fussey and richards, ideology definition

A

ideology = motivated by allegiance to some ideology

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4
Q

fussey and richards, symbolism definition

A

symbolism = intended to communicate a message to certain audiences

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5
Q

fussey and richards process defintition

A

process = protracted and elaborate planning process

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6
Q

fussey and richards grievance definiton

A

grievance = shared sense of wrongdoing leading to conflict

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7
Q

how to remember fussey and richards 4 key differences in crime and terrorism

A

G - grievance
I - ideology
P - process
S - symbolism

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8
Q

wilkinson definition of terrorism

A

terrorism is the systematic use of coercive intimidation, usually to service political ends
it is used to create and exploit a climate of fear among a wider target group than the immediate victims of the violence and to publicise a cause
as well as to coerce a target to acceding to the terrorists aim
terrorism may be used on its own or as part of a wider unconventional war

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9
Q

is terrorism new?

A

no its not new at all
- before the 1960s most terrorist activites were fairly localised (within countries)

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10
Q

does terrorism link to globalisation ?

A

yes
- transportation
- communication

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11
Q

what developments in terrorism have contributed to a change in the nature and scale of terrorism?

A

globalisation of terrorism through transportation and communication

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12
Q

between 2011 and 2020 terrorist attacks killed how many people on average a year?

A

23,697

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13
Q

did 2018 or 2021 kill more people with terrorist attacks

A

2018
39,592 in 8,093 attacks

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14
Q

terrorism tends to be what type of focused?

A

geographically focused

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15
Q

which country has the highest amount of terrorism?

A

afghanistan

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16
Q

how many terrorist attacks in afghanistan in 2020

A

1722

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17
Q

is public concern for terrorism high?

A

yes
inmany places more than 50% say they are concerned about being a victim

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18
Q

what is new terrorism

A

many of todays terrorists want a lot of people watching and a lot of people dead

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19
Q

what is old terrorism

A

want a lot of people watching and listening and not a lot of people dead

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20
Q

what changes occured in the radical transformation of terrorism

Study These Flashcards
A

motivation
means of perpetration
use of violence
ultimate outcomes

21
Q

what is the current uk level of threat for terrorism

Study These Flashcards
A

substantial
an attack is likely

22
Q

how do you measure the threat of terrorism? 5 stages

Study These Flashcards
A
  • low
  • moderate
  • substantial
  • severe
  • critical
23
Q

what does CBRN stand for

Study These Flashcards
A

chemical
biological
radiological
nuclear

24
Q

what weapons increased fear ?

Study These Flashcards
A

CBRN:
chemical
biological
radiological
nuclear
use of suicide attacks
use of vehicles as weapons

25
where have there been increased attacks in the UK ?
cyberspace
26
how has the aim of terror attacks changed?
a key aim to cause mass casualties without warning
27
why is the identification of a terrorist offender blurred? what are the labels
many different labels: activist freedom fighter militant guerilla soldier
28
how may the state play a role in the creation of terrorist organsiations?
through foreign policy
29
what types of victims are there?
direct indirect
30
what types of terrorism are there?
ethno nationalist terrorism ideological terrorism religous-political terrorism single issue terrorism
31
where ethno nationalist terrorism found?
- eta spain
32
where is ideological terrorism found?
- red brigade italy
33
where is religious polticial terrorism found?
hamas palestine alquade and ISIS
34
what is single issue terrorism
environmentalism abortion animal rights
35
apply rational choice theory to terrorism
ideas about cost benefit analysis terrorism is not pathological even most extreme forms of behaviour follow internal strategic logic
36
what is game theory?
- there is a strategic two way bargaining relationship between terrorists and governments - individual decision making is based on options available and a prediction of how others will act in a given situation
37
strengths of game theory?
- treats actions as interdependent - rather than seeing one side as passive - operates within groups as well as between groups - evidence suggests rationality by both parties which is key - applicable to any kind of hostage negotiations or threats/ demands - neither side has all information, so uncertainty and learning are key
38
what psychological traits cannot be explained (piven 2002)?
low self esteem lack of empathy paranoid tendencies injured narcissism pre occupation with power
39
demauase 2002 suggest that the root of terrorism lies in what?
extremely abusive families of terrorists
40
lyson and harbinson 1986 suggest terrorists are psychologically what?
healthy and stable because terrorist activities requires logical thought calculation, meticulous planning, forward thinking
41
social psycholgical approaches are based on work around what?
intergroup behaviour group membership involves a reflexive sense of ingroup favouritism vs outgroup
42
what does silke 2008 argue about how one comes to identify with terror groups? why do they commit their terrorist attacks?
terrorists see themselves as heroicially working for benefit of others they are victims of outgroup aggression
43
what are skyes and matzas techiques of neutralisation ?
- appeal to higher loyalties - i was doing it to protect my community - condemnation of the condemners - we are victimised by them
44
sociological research emphasies what leads to terrorism?
social conditions
45
durkheim and anomie argues what leads to terrorism
rapid social change alienation frustration terrorism as acting out the pain of modernisation and social change
46
nassar 2004 says terrorism breeds in the gap between what?
expectations and achievements that peaceful means to resolve anomic strain, terrrosim would not survive
47
is there agreement on what is meant by terrorism or terrorist?
no there is little agreement
48
does what counts as terrorism vary
yes it varies considerably

o+v MCQs (12 decks)

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