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POST 2023 > Crimes Against Children > Flashcards

Crimes Against Children Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical Abuse

A

intentional infliction of physical injury

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2
Q

Neglect

A

Failure to meet the child’s basic needs

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3
Q

Sexual Abuse

A

Sexual conduct and/or exploitation

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4
Q

Emotional Abuse

A

Behaviors resulting in humiliation, rejection, fear isolation

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5
Q

4 categories of child abuse

A

-Physical abuse
-Neglect
-Sexual abuse
-Emotional abuse

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6
Q

Who was the first legal child abuse case

A

Mary Ellen Wilson
1874

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7
Q

Who is required to report animal abuse IC 16-1605

A

-Any physician…nurse, coroner, school teacher, daycare personnel, social worker or other person
(ANYONE)
-Having reason to believe that a child under the age of 18 YOA has been abused, abandoned or neglected

Shall report within 24 hrs to proper LE agency, Dept of health & welfare or CPS

IC 16-1605

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8
Q

Reporting Immunity ID 16-1606

A

Any person who reports suspected child abuse shall have immunity from any liability, civil, or criminal

Any person who reports in bad faith or with malice shall not be protected

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9
Q

The only person that the reporting requirement does not apply to is

A

A person at a church that hears confessions

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10
Q

I.C. 18-1501

A

Injury to child

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11
Q

I.C. 18-918(4)

A

If an act of domestic assault, battery, or violence occurs “in the physical presence of a child or if a child (under the age of 16 in this case) may see/hear the act the maximum penalties provided in code “shall be doubled” for what the suspect is convicted or pleads guilty

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12
Q

Factors that may make a parent abusive

A

-Parents abused as children
-Family stressors and lack of support (money, homelessness)
-Lack of appropriate parenting skills
-Mother less than 20 YOA
-Limited education
-Low self-esteem/depression
-Alcoholism, Addiction, or psychosis
-Unrealistic expectations of child behavior

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13
Q

Indicators of child abuse

A

-History inconsistent with injuries
-History incompatible with child’s development
-History that changes with time
-Contradictory histories
-Delay in seeking treatment
-Pathognomic injuries

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14
Q

Conditions that mimic child abuse (Mongolian spots)

A

-Congenital birthmark
-Often mistaken for bruising
-Common among dark-skinned infants
-Usually fades by 3-4 years
-Color blue or gray
-Does not change color like a bruise

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15
Q

Conditions that mimic child abuse
(coining)

A

Alternative health practice common in SE Asia
-Heated oil rubbed onto the skin
-A coin then rubbed over the area until red mark appears
-Red mark believed to be “path” that releases ilness

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16
Q

Conditions that mimic child abuse (cupping)

A

Traditional Chinese medicine
-Heated cups applied to skin causing a vacume
-Release toxin and bad energy

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17
Q

How to determine physical child abuse

A

-Is the history consistent with the injury pattern?
-Is the history vague or changing
-Is the history consistent with child’s developmental level?

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18
Q

Inflicted vs accidental bruising

A

INFLICTED:
-Upper arms
-Trunk
-upper anterior
-Sides of face
-Ears and neck
-Genitalia,buttocks

ACCIDENTAL:
-Shins
-Bony prominences
-Lower arms
-Forehead
-Under chin

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19
Q

Ten 4 bruising rule

A

Be aware of ANY bruising to the
-Torso
-Ears
-Neck or bruising on a child 4 months old or younger

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20
Q

Bruising pattern (Sparing)

A

High-velocity force causes blood to pool around the area of impact

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21
Q

Accidental vs Intentional Fractures

A

COMMON:
-Clavicle
-Wrist
-Forearm
-Lower leg

SUSPICIOUS:
-Long bones
-Metaphyseal fractures
-Ribs

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22
Q

Posteria rib fractures

A

Squeezing of the ribs causing multiple fractures

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23
Q

Accidental vs Intentional head injuries

A

POSSIBLE ACCIDENTAL HEAD INJURIES:
-Bruising to bony areas of the head
-Simple skull fracture

SUSPICIOUS HEAD INJURIES:
-Any Skull fracture(s) in infants
-Complex skull fracture
-Bleeding in brain

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24
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

-Shaking, Slamming, Throwing of a child tears veins between the layers of the brain’s outer layers
-Results from acceleration-deceleration forces or blunt force impact to the brain

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25
Classic triad
-Retinal hemorrhages- bleeding between layers of retina at the back of the eyeball -Rib fractures -Subdural hemorrhage
26
Sudden unexplained death in infancy (SUDI)
-Unexpected death in a healthy infant -Peak age 2-5 months -Infant put to sleep in usual manner -No signs of trauma -Autopsy no other traumatic or medical explanation -Scene investigation negative -Different from co-sleeping, overlaying infant, suffocation from bleeding
27
SUDI stands for
Sudden unexplained death in infancy
28
Tap water burns
-120 deg-15 mins exposure -130 deg- 30 sec exposure -140 deg- 5 sec exposure -149 deg- 2 sec exposure -158 deg- 1 sec exposure
29
Accidental vs Accidental burns
COMMON BURNS: -Spill/Splatter/Splash pattern -Contact burns (touching an oven) -Burns consistent w history & child developmental level SUSPICIOUS BURNS: -Immersion/dunking patterns -Burns on the buttocks, back, ankles, wrist, palms, soles -Character burns -cigarette burns
30
Gloving pattern burns
- Feet or hands in hor liquid -Demarcation line highly sus of non-accidental injury -Bilateral burns are very sus
31
Dunking immersion burns
-Child is forced to sit in hot liquid -Common in potty training -look for donut shape pattern
32
Chemical burns
-Household cleaners/solvents Hydrofluoric acid -Cement -Alcohol-based skin cleaners -Alternative medicine/home remedies -Meth production -Anhydrous ammonia -Hydrologic acid
33
What is child neglect- I.C. 16-1602
The omission of giving the proper care needed to provide subsistence, education, medical, or other types of care necessary for a child's well-being
34
Types of neglect
-Nutritional neglect -physical neglect -Supervisory neglect -Educational neglect -Medical neglect
35
Nutritional neglect
-Failure to thrive (skinny) -obesity
36
Physical neglect
Hygiene, Clothing, shelter
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Supervisory neglect
-Frequency, chronicity, danger of environment (pool)
38
Educational neglect
Truancy, not enrolled in school, special needs not met
39
Failure to thrive
-Failure to gain weight as expected -Most common cause is inadequate feeding by caregiver -Can result from medical conditions/diseases
40
Environmental abuse
It is not a violation to have a cluttered house -BUT it is a violation for a house to be in such condition that might in danger a child's health and safety
41
Imminent danger
-Is declared only if removing the child will prevent serious physical injury or child has been abandoned (I.C. 16-1608) - -Only a LE Officer may declare imminent danger (I.C. 16-1608)
42
Who should be notified after declaring a child is in imminent danger
Health and welfare
43
True or False- can the offender be removed from the home without an order when a child Is in imminent danger
TRUE -ONLY if prompt removal is necessary to prevent serious physical or mental injury to the child
44
Imminent removal paperwork
-Notice to court -Shelter must be held within 48 hours of child removal -Notice each parent (except in the case of abandonment) Emergency removal of alleged offender : -Notice to court -Court held within 24 hrs
45
Can a LE officer remove an alleged offender w out an arrest
Yes- but be aware, he/she might return to the home... it is our responsibility to ensure the child/children remain safe even if the suspect is not arrested, but the child/children are removed from the home
46
Is a law enforcement officer protected if he declares a child in imminent danger
yes- as long as the action is done in good faith
47
What is the criteria for the emergency removal of a child based on imminent danger
An immediate threat of physical or mental harm or child abandonment
48
Who decides to remove a child for imminent danger
A LE officer is the only one who can declare imminent danger
49
What is the criteria for emergency removal of the alleged offender
Immediate threat of physical or mental harm to a child
50
What other entities will more than likely be involved in removing a child based upon imminent danger from the beginning
Health & Welfare (Social worker)
51
When is a safety plan important to discuss with the parent/guardian left in charge of a child declared in imminent danger when the suspect is not arrested
Discuss a realistic safety plan prior to leaving the scene and ensure they understand how to call for immediate assistance if the suspect returns home
52
Immunity for imminent danger (I.C. 16-1609-2)
If a peace officer removes a child because of imminent danger, he shall not be held liable unless the action was done in bad faith
53
Sexual abuse of a child under the age of 16 I.C. 18-1506
(1) it is a felony for any person 18 YOA or older, with the intent to gratify the lust, passions, or sexual desire of the actor, minor child, or third party to: (a) solicit a minor child under the age of 16 to participate in a sexual act; (b)cause or have sexual contact with such minor child, not amounting to lewd conduct as defined in section -18-1508 (c) Make any photographic or electronic recording of such minor child or (d) Induce, cause or permit a minor child to witness an act of sexual conduct
54
Sexual exploitation of a child I.C. 18-1507
Person knowingly and wilfully -Possesses or successes through any means including, but not limited to the internet, ANY sexually exploitative material or -Causes, induces or permits a child to engage in, or be used for, any explicit sexual conduct for the purpose of producing or making sexually exploitative material -Promotes, prepares, publishes, produces, makes, finance exploitative material; or -(d) Distributes through any means including, but not limited to, mail, physical delivery or exchange, use of a computer or any other electronic or digital method, any sexually exploitative material. Distribution of sexually exploitative material does not require pecuniary transaction or exchange of interest in order to complete the offense. FELONY
55
I.C. 18-1507A Sexual Exploitation of a child by electronic means.
-(1) A Minor child, w out being induced by coercion or fraud -Creates or causes to be created any photographic, electronic or video content of said minor child that would be characterized under any of the classifications defined in section I.C 18-1507 -Through (j) Idaho code, and knowingly and willfully distributes it to another person persons through electronic or other means or causes it to appearing a form where the distributing minor has reason to believe another will view it is guilty of a misdemeanor provided that there was a single recipient -(2) (c) through (j) and knowingly and wilfully distributes it in such a way and through such a medium that the minor intended or had reason to believe that multiple parties would receive or have access to the image. MISDEMEANOR= First adjudicated offense FELONY= second or subsequent adjudicated offense
56
Lewd conduct w a minor I.C.18-1508
-Any person who shall commit and lewd or lascivious act or acts upon or with the body of any part of member thereof a minor child under the age of 16 including but not limited to: -Genital-genital contact -Oral-genital contact -Anal -genital contact -Oral-anal contact Manual-anal contact Manual-genital contact -Weather between persons of the same or opp sex -Or who shall involve minor child in any act of bestiality or sado-masochism as defined in I.C. 18-1507 -When acts are done with the intent to arouse, appeal to, gratify the lust or passions of sexual desire of such person, the minor child or third party
57
Sexual Battery of a Minor I.C. 18-1508A
-Any person at least 5 years of age or older than a minor child who is 16 or 17 YOA -With the intent of arousing, appealing to or gratifying the lust, passion, or sexual desires of such person, minor child, or third party to: -lewd or lascivious act(s) upon, with the body, or any part or member thereof a minor -Solicit minor to participate in a sexual act -Cause or have sexual contact with minor, not amounting to lewd conduct -Make any photographic or electronic recording of a minor
58
Grooming
The process by which an offender identifies a child, creates a connection with the child for the purpose of victimizing that child.
59
How does grooming work
Target the victim -Gain the child's trust -Filling the child's needs -Isolating the child -Sexualizing the relationship -Maintaining control
60
(Grooming) "Traget the victim"
-Child's vulnerability (Emotional neediness, isolation, lower self-confidence, and lower parental attention)
61
(Grooming) Gain the child's trust
-By watching and gathering information on the child's interests and needs... getting to know how to fill them
62
(Grooming) Filling the child's needs
-Gifts, extra attention, a sense of understanding the child's "Life challenges" (i.e. parents, arguments regarding grades, etc.)
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(Grooming) Isolating the child
-Reinforces the "special relationship" -A special relationship may be reinforced where the offender cultivates a sense of love and belonging that others, even parents, may not provide... parents even unintentionally feed into this through their appreciation of the offender's unique relationship with the child and "helping them"
64
(Grooming) Sexualizing the relationship
-Emotional dependence and /or trust has been established -Desensitization may occur through talking, pictures, texting, and/or creating situations (like going swimming) where both the victim and offender are nude or close to... at the point exploiting the victim's natural curiosity is easier and he/she can sexualize the relationship
65
(Grooming) Maintaining control
-Using secrecy and blame used -Claiming no one will believe the victim -Claiming LE will not do anything about it -Sense of blame, shame, and embarrassment if others were to discover what he/she did with the offender
66
Signs of grooming
-Being secretive about what they are doing -Online activity -Other electronic communication -Gifts from unexplained sources -Older friends -Drug/alcohol use and possession
67
True or False-Majority of sexually abused children have no physical signs
True
68
Cursory interview
A short fact-finding convo conducted in a developmentally sensitive manner using non-leading techniques and is defensible. Used to determine elements of a crime, and to get info to assist forensic interviewer
69
Why do you conduct a Cursory forensic interview
To gather facts in order to assess: -imminent danger -Arrest the alleged offender -Further investigation needed
70
Reasons children may lie in an interview ...
-Simply wanting to please the interviewer -May be given prizes or awards for "correct" answer -For being ridiculed or penalized for "wrong" answers -After multiple interviews
71
Things to do when conducting a cursory interview
-Pick a location that is comfortable for the child -Start with a topic that is not directly related to the sexual assault -Get on the child's eye level or below
72
What is an open-ended question?
A question which allows the respondent to answer in his own way.
73
What kind of questions should you start a Cursory interview with
Open-ended questions Start with a topic that is not directly related to sexual assault (How come we're talking today?)
74
What is a leading question?
A question that suggests a particular response ("I heard John did something to you. Tell me what he did")
75
What is a directed question?
Directs the child to a particular topic, but refrains from providing information ("I heard something happened at your babysitter's house, tell me what happened")
76
What is a specific cue question?
Gives child a specific cue or hint ( "I heard a policeman came to your house today. Tell me about that")
77

POST 2023 (14 decks)

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