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Criminal Investigation > Criminal Investigation 1 > Flashcards

Criminal Investigation 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The_____ system was based on the idea that certain aspects of the human body remained the same after a person had reached full physical maturity.
(Page 7)

A

Bertillon

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2
Q

The first professional police force in the U.S. was established in _____ in 1837.
(Page 9)

A

Boston

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3
Q

Forensic ____________ deals with the examination of insects in, on and around human remains.
(Page 12)

A

Entomology

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4
Q

Forensic ____________ deals with the uniqueness of dentition, the study of teeth.
(Page 12)

A

Odontology

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5
Q

According to Durnal, is the “CSI effect” indeed real?

(Page 12)

A

Yes it Is.

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6
Q

The _______ study was a nationwide study of criminal investigation by police agencies in major U.S. cities.

(Page 14)

A

Rand

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7
Q

Which study of criminal investigation in major U.S. police agencies found that detectives and patrol officers contributed equally to the resolution of burglary and robbery cases?

(Page 14)

A

PERF

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8
Q

Which study of criminal investigation in major U.S. police agencies found that detectives and patrol officers are too reliant on victim information for suspect identification purposes?

(Page 15)

A

PERF

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9
Q

Probably the single most significant development in criminal investigation in the U.S. was the establishment of the

(Page 10)

A

FBI

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10
Q

What type of reasoning is described as “inducing the universal from the particular”?

(Page 16)

A

Inductive Reasoning

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11
Q

What type of reasoning is described as reasoning which takes us beyond what we know to conclusions about what we don’t know?

(Page 16)

A

Inductive reasoning

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12
Q

What type of reasoning is further broken down into categories of “Strong” and “Weak”?

(Page 16)

A

Inductive reasoning

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13
Q

What type of reasoning is based on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof that a suspect is guilty of an offense?

(Page 17)

A

Deductive Reasoning

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14
Q

What reasoning process proposes a likely explanation for an event that must then be tested?

(Page 17)

A

Abduction

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15
Q

Critical thinking calls for a persistent effort to examine any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of

(Page 18)

A

The Evidence

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16
Q

Which of the below was NOT listed as one of the most desired characteristics and traits of a criminal investigator, according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)?

(Page 21)

A

Willingness to take risks

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17
Q

Which of the below was NOT listed as one of the most desired characteristics and traits of a criminal investigator, according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)?

(Page 21)

A

Teamwork, Dedication, Persistence, & Stability.

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18
Q

Which of the below was NOT listed as one of the most desired characteristics and traits of a criminal investigator, according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)?

(Page 21)

A

Maturity

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19
Q

Which of the below is NOT listed as a primary case “solvability factor” in a police reporting system?

(Page 23-24)

A

-Judgment by the patrol officer that enough information is available to solve the crime.
-Information about the suspect’s description.
-Information about the suspect’s vehicle.
-Information about significant MO.

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20
Q

Which of the below is NOT listed as a primary case “solvability factor” in a police reporting system?

(Page 23-24)

A

Information about similar crimes in nearby jurisdictions.

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21
Q

One of the primary objectives of the _________________ is to establish whether the necessary elements of a crime exist.

(Page 25)

A

Preliminary Investigation.

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22
Q

When possible, witnesses and others should be interviewed in the following order:

(Page 26)

A

Victim then eyewitness.

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23
Q

When possible, which of the below witnesses and others should be interviewed LAST?

(Page 26)

A

Person observing the suspect.

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24
Q

When possible, which of the below witnesses and others should be interviewed FIRST?

(Page 26)

A

Victim

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25
Q

When first encountering a witness or victim, what should be the first question asked by an investigator?

(Page 33)

A

What Happened?

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26
Q

Which of the below is the backbone of the criminal prosecution process?

(Page 37)

A

The official Police report.

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27
Q

According to the “best evidence rule” what item below must be provided in court whenever possible?

(Page 37)

A

The investigator’s original notes

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28
Q

In using language and writing the narrative section of the police report, the officer should be concerned with TWO basic items. Check BOTH of those items below.

(Page 39)

A

Ditction & Presentation

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29
Q

This sentence, “The message was received from the dispatcher” is an example of

(Page 39)

A

Poor grammar

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30
Q

This sentence, “I received the message from the dispatcher” is an example of

(Page 39)

A

The active voice

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31
Q

In police reports, conclusions that are unsubstantiated by fact should

(Page 40)

A

Be presented as opinion.

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32
Q

In crime scene photography, a photo showing streets leading up to the crime scene would be considered a _______ view.

(Page 45)

A

General

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33
Q

In crime scene photography, a photo taken from greater than 5 feet but no greater than 20 feet away would be considered a _______ view.

(Page 45)

A

Medium-Range

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34
Q

In crime scene photography, the last phase in photographing the crime scene is the _______ view.

(Page 45)

A

Close-up

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35
Q

The two principal requirements to admit a photograph into evidence are

(Page 44)

A

Relevance & authentication

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36
Q

How many close up photos of a dead body should be taken to show wounds or injuries, weapons lying near the body, and the immediate surroundings?

A

As many as needed.

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37
Q

Of the below types of crime scene sketches, which is drawn to scale?

(Page 44)

A

The Finished sketch.

38
Q

Of the below types of crime scene sketches, which is drawn by officers on the crime scene?

(Page 51)

A

The rough sketch

39
Q

Which crime scene sketching method below measures an object from two fixed points of reference?

(Page 51)

A

The coordinate method

40
Q

Which crime scene sketching method below uses fixed objects from a bird’s eye view in which to measure?

(Page 52)

A

The triangulation method.

41
Q

Crime scene evidence is

(Page 63)

A

Dynamic

42
Q

The transfer of evidence theory is also known as the ___________ exchange principle.

(Page 63)

A

Locard.

43
Q

Of the types of evidence, which is self-explanatory in nature and generally speaks for itself in a court of law?

(Page 64)

A

Physical evidence.

44
Q

Of the types of evidence, which is self-explanatory in nature and generally speaks for itself in a court of law?

(Page 64)

A

Direct evidence.

45
Q

Of the types of evidence, which is also known as circumstantial evidence?

(Page 64)

A

Indirect evidence.

46
Q

Of the types of evidence, which is used to clarify an issue?

(Page 64)

A

Demonstrative evidence.

47
Q

When broadcasting a flash description of vehicles, which rule should you remember?

(Page 70)

A

CYMBL rule.

48
Q

Which rule below applies to special precautions used to maintain the integrity of electronic evidence?

(Page 75)

A

TWGECSI guidelines.

49
Q

To the extent possible the ______________ should develop a plan for processing the crime scene.

(Page 77)

A

Investigator in charge

50
Q

The crime scene walk-through

(Page 77)

A

-Provides an overview of the entire scene.
-Identifies any threats to scene integrity.
-Ensures protection of physical evidence.

51
Q

It is generally recommended that at least ____ officers search an indoor crime scene.

(Page 79)

A

Two

52
Q

The total accounting of evidence in a case is known as the

(Page 82)

A

Chain of custody.

53
Q

The Bow Street Runners were forerunners of a trend in policing for _____________ within the police force.

(Page 6)

A

Specialization.

54
Q

Of the two principal requirements to admit a photograph into evidence, the MOST important requirement is

A

Authentication

55
Q

True or False: Cryptanalysis decrypts written manual codes and ciphers.

(Page 11)

A

True

56
Q

True or False: Investigators are generalists.

(Page 21)

A

False

57
Q

True or False: The best investigators have a demonstrated ability to function in field operations such as patrol and stakeouts.

(Page 22)

A

True

58
Q

True or False: In responding to a crime scene, the first officer at the scene must detain witnesses.

(Page 26)

A

True

59
Q

True or False: For notes on photographs taken at a crime scene, the officer taking the photo should note the F-stop and shutter speed as well as the distance and direction of the photo.

(Page 35)

A

True

60
Q

True or False: When photographing a crime scene, there can never be too many pictures.

(Page 45)

A

True

61
Q

True or False: As a rule, the crime scene photographer will find that natural light at a crime scene is adequate for good-quality photos.

(Page 47)

A

False

62
Q

True or False: It is necessary for the officer or investigator taking a crime scene photo to be the one testifying about it in court.

(Page 48)

A

False

63
Q

True or False: Videos and photos may tend to distort the dimensions of the crime scene.

(Page 50)

A

True

64
Q

True or False: In the “triangular” crime scene sketching method the sketch of the walls are as they would appear if folded down flat.

(Page 54)

A

False

65
Q

True or False: In the case of a person found hanging, the body should generally not be moved at all by the responding officer.

(Page 72)

A

True

66
Q

True or False: When seizing a handgun as evidence, officers should never attempt to pick up the weapon by inserting a pen or pencil into the barrel.

(Page 73)

A

True

67
Q

True or False: Electronic evidence has the special characteristic of being latent.

(Page 74)

A

True

68
Q

True or False: Electronic evidence will always be time sensitive.

(Page 74)

A

False

69
Q

True or False: If possible, investigators should wait until daylight to search a crime scene.

(Page 79)

A

True

70
Q

True or False: When handling firearms at a crime scene, officers should immediately attempt to disable the weapon’s ability to fire in some way, so as to prevent accidental injury or death.

(Page 84)

A

False

71
Q

True or False: Officers initially responding to a crime scene should begin the evidence collection process as soon as possible.

(Page 86-87)

A

False

72
Q

Transmission of viral infection through human bites / saliva is

(Page 90)

A

unlikely

73
Q

True or False: Cases of AIDS transmission have been associated with urine and feces.

(Page 90)

A

False

74
Q

What type of DNA analysis is applied to evidence containing small or degraded quantities of DNA from hair, bones, teeth and bodily fluids?

(Page 97)

A

mtDNA

75
Q

Of the below types of fingerprints, which is also called a “patent” fingerprint?

(Page 103)

A

latent

76
Q

Of the below types of fingerprints, which leaves a negative impression of friction ridges?

(Page 103)

A

Plastic

77
Q

Of the below types of fingerprints, which has been adulterated with foreign matter?

(Page 103)

A

Visible

78
Q

Latent fingerprint impressions developed by the use of silver nitrate are caused by the reaction of ______________ present in perspiration.

(Page 108)

A

Sodium chloride

79
Q

When transporting and storing evidence that may contain DNA, it is important to keep the evidence _________ and _______.

(Page 115)

A

Dry & At room temperature

80
Q

Two standards have been used to govern the admission of scientific evidence: the relevancy test and the _________ test.

(Page 116)

A

Frye

81
Q

The _______ standard is a legal precedent set in 1993 by the Supreme Court of the U.S. regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony during federal legal proceedings.
(Page 117)

A

Daubert

82
Q

The Supreme Court explained that for expert testimony to be considered reliable, the expert must have derived his or her conclusions from

(Page 117)

A

The scientific method.

83
Q

In handwriting analysis, two types of exemplars exist, they are

(Page 119)

A

Requested and collected

84
Q

What used to be known in criminal investigation as personality profiling is now called

(Page 121)

A

Criminal investigation analysis.

85
Q

Investigative psychology is grounded in empirical research and

(Page 122)

A

Logical inference

86
Q

The two common types of photo lineups are?

(Page 125)

A

Simultaneous & Sequential

87
Q

The type of photo lineup used when the eyewitness views all the suspects at the same time is the ___________ lineup.

(Page 126)

A

Simultaneous

88
Q

The type of photo lineup used when the eyewitness views all the suspects one at a time is the ___________ lineup.

(Page 125)

A

Sequential

89
Q

The type of photo lineup that may cause a witness to use “absolute judgment” is the ___________ lineup.

(Page 126)

A

Sequential.

90
Q

During photo lineups there should be at least ________ photographs.

(Page 126)

A

6

Criminal Investigation (3 decks)

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