Criminal justice system

Question 1

Police

Answer 1

• 43 different police forces in UK and Wales
• Each force is made up of the following ranking:
  1. chief officers (chief constables, deputy chief constables)
  2. chief superintendents
  3. superintendents
  4. chief inspectors
  5. sergeants
  6. constables

Question 2

Police powers:

Answer 2

• stop and search
• arrest anyone breaking (suspected) the law
• enter and propery and search without a warrant
• interview witnesses or detainees
• fine or caustion people
• send files to the CPS

Question 3

How do the police interact with the CPS:

Answer 3

• provide evidence
• give a charge based on the offense

Question 4

How do the police interact with the courts

Answer 4

• provide evidence
• protect vunerable witnesses
• detain defendants in prison

Question 5

How do the police interact with the prisons

Answer 5

• Arrest people who are recalled to prison
• manage the list of child sex offenders

Question 6

How do the police interact with the voluntary organisations

Answer 6

• refer victims to victim support
• cooperate with womens shelters
• cooperate with witness protectors

Question 7

CPS:

Answer 7

• independant from gov and police
• formed to seperate police power and responsibility (avoid bias)
• investigate and present cases given by police
• they decide how the case shall proceed

Question 8

Main responsibilites of the CPS

Answer 8

• decides which cases should be prosecuted
• determines the appropriate charges in more serious or complex cases, and advises the police during the early stages of investigations
• prepares cases and presents them at court
• provides information, assistance and support to victims and prosecution witnesses.

Question 9

How do the CPS interact with the police

Answer 9

• advise on lines of enquiary
• helps build a case
• advise on charges

Question 10

How do the CPS interact with the courts

Answer 10

• prepares and presents the prosecutions case
• prepaes appeals against sentences

Question 11

Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals service

Answer 11

two courts of first instance
* magistartes court
* crown court

Question 12

Magistrates court

Answer 12

• hears less serious offences (95% of all cases)
• magistrates sit on an uneven panel of 3
• not legally qualfied (volenteer)
• use evidnece presnented and guidlnes to provide sentence

Question 13

Crown court

Answer 13

• hear more serious cases
• judge will decide the sentence based on evidence provided in court
• jury sits as a panel of 12 and will return a verdict based on evidence in court alone

Question 14

how does the Majesty’s Courts and Tribunals service interact with the police

Answer 14

• police will hold D in custody if needed
• organise transports to/from prison
• arrange video links and recordings
• give evidence to court

Question 15

Prison facts/statistics

Answer 15

• May 2020: 80032 people imprisoned
• average it costs £37,500 a year to keep a prisoner in prison
• high category prisoner may cost £60,300 per prisoner

Question 16

Purpose of prison

Answer 16

• Protection of the public
• Rehabilitation

Question 17

Purpose of probation

Answer 17

• Supervise offenders who are serving their sentence in the community

Question 18

Examples of probation

Answer 18

• Community service
• House arrest
• Therapy
• Education

Question 19

How do prisons interact with the courts

Answer 19

• Carry out sentence given by the courts
• holds those who have been refused bail

Question 20

How do prisons interact with police

Answer 20

• Recall people to prison
• Recall people to court

Question 21

How do the prison interact with Volentary organisations

Answer 21

• Victim support charites help people through the system
• Women in prison
• Prison education trust

Question 22

How do prisons interact with campaigns

Answer 22

• Howard league for penel reform
• Prison reform trust
• Inguest