Criminal Law & Procedure Flashcards
What is use and derivate use immunity?
Prevents the government from using self-incriminating testimonial communications against suspect in any way that could lead to a criminal prosecution
What is transactional immunity?
Protects the suspect from being prosecuted for any crimes associated with self-incriminating testimonial communications
What are the 3 elements of kidnapping under the MPC?
(1) intentional and unlawful confinement of another
(2) against the person’s will
(3) coupled with either moving or hiding the person
For purposes of an attempt crime, what test does the common law apply to determine “overt act”?
Overt act = Defendant comes so close to completing the target offense that it is essentially unstoppable
For purposes of an attempt crime, what test does the majority and MPC apply to determine “overt act”?
Overt act = Defendant’s conduct exceeds mere preparation and strongly corroborates Defendant’s criminal intent
When should a court instruct the jury on a lesser included offense?
When, based on the evidence presented a trial, a rational jury could acquit Defendant of the charged offense but convict of the lesser offense
What is the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule?
Illegally obtained evidence is admissible if:
(1) LEO relied in good faith on either a facially valid warrant or existing law at the time
and
(2) their reliance was objectively reasonable
What are 3 requirements of a valid warrant?
(1) based on probable cause that evidence can be found at the premises to be searched
(2) issued by a neutral and detached magistrate
(3) with particularity regarding the place to be searched and the items to be seized
When is a search of car permitted as an exception to the search warrant requirement?
When LEO has probable cause, may search anywhere in car they believe has contraband, including the trunk and locked containers
Note, only extends to containers and compartments that reasonably could hold evidence they are looking for
What are the 4 factors to determine where curtilage area is protected?
(1) proximity of the area to the home
(2) whether area is included within an enclosure surrounding the home
(3) nature of the uses to which the area is put
(4) steps taken by the resident to protect the area from observation by passersby
What are the 4 categories of intent under the MPC?
(1) purposefully: D acts purposefully when conscious objective is to engage in conduct or cause a certain result
(2) knowingly or willingly: D aware that his conduct is of nature required by the crime or circumstances required by the crime exist
(3) recklessly: D acts w/ conscious disregard of substantially and unjustifiable risk that material element of crime exists or will result from his conduct
(4) negligently: D fails to perceive a substantial or unjustifiable risk that material element of crime exists or will result from his conduct
What are the 6 elements of larceny?
(1) trespassory (w/o consent)
(2) taking and
(3) carrying away (slight movement satisfies)
(4) personal property
(5) of another
(6) w/ intent to permanently deprive (present at the time of the taking)
What are the 5 elements of false pretenses?
(1) obtaining title to property
(2) of another person
(3) through reliance of that person
(4) on known false representation of material fact or present fact
(5) representation made w/ intent to defraud
What are the 5 elements of robbery?
(1) taking and carrying away
(2) the personal property of another
(3) from the person or their presence
(4) by force or intimidation
(5) w/ intent to permanently deprive
What are the 4 elements of conspiracy under the common law?
(1) agreement
(2) b/w two or more persons
(3) to accomplish unlawful purpose
(4) w/ intent to accomplish that purpose