Criminal Psychology Flashcards
(39 cards)
Operant conditioning
Learning from the consequences of actions
Positive reinforcement
Receiving something pleasant for behaviour so we can repeat it
Negative reinforcement
The avoidance of something unpleasant, so we can do it again
Positive punishment
Receiving something unpleasant for a behaviour so we do not do it again
Negative punishment
Removing something pleasant so we do not repeat the behaviour again
Primary reinforcer
A reinforcer that satisfies a basic biological need
Secondary reinforcer
A reinforcer of no survival value but we have learned to associate it with a primary reinforcer
Social learning theory
Behaviour is learned through the observation and imitation of role models
Modelling
Learning a new behaviour through paying attention to retaining and reproducing the behaviour of a role model
Observational learning
Learning new behaviours through watching and modelling a role model
Role model
A person who we admire or with whom we share similar characteristics
Attention
In order to learn something new you must be able to and want to pay attention to it
Retention
For learning to take place you must be able to store or retain the new behaviour in your memory
Reproduction
To be able to model the new behaviour that you observed, you need to be able to reproduce it
Motivation
You are more likely to model a behaviour you have observed someone do it you are motivated to reproduce it
Vicarious reinforcement
Motivation to model the behaviours of others who we see being rewarded for their behaviour
Identification
Temporarily adopting the behaviour of a role model or group
Monozygotic twins
Twins developed from one fertisilised egg that has split in two monozygotic twins are genetically identical
Dizygotic twins
Twins developed from two different eggs fertisilsed during the same pregnancy dizygotic twins are not genetically identical
Temperament
The nature someone is born with which affects their behaviour
Extraversion
Behaviour that is outgoing sensation seeking and sociable
Introversion
Behaviour that is reserved calm and quiet
Unstable neuroticism
A personality trait associated with being over reactive in stressful situations over emotional and anxious
Stable neuroticism
A personality trait associated with being unreactive in stressful situations and emotionally unaffected
