Criminal Psychology

Question 1

Negative reinforcement

Answer 1

The avoidance of something unpleasant, so we do it again.

Question 2

Primary reinforcers

Answer 2

These satisfy a basic biological need e.g. food, water, warmth and shelter.

Question 3

Secondary reinforcers

Answer 3

These are of no survival value, but we have learned to associate them with a primary reinforcer e.g. money, credit cards.

Question 4

Positive punishment

Answer 4

Receiving something unpleasant for a behaviour, so we do not do it again.

Question 5

Negative punishment

Answer 5

Removing something pleasant so we do not repeat the behavior.

Question 6

Social learning theory

Answer 6

Behaviour is learned through the observation and imitation of role models.

Question 7

Retention

Answer 7

able to recall the modeled behavior

Question 8

Modelling

Answer 8

Learning a new behavior through paying attention to, retaining, and reproducing the behavior of a role model.

Question 9

Reproduction

Answer 9

An ability to reproduce the behavior

Question 10

Observational learning

Answer 10

Learning new behaviours through watching and modelling a role model.

Question 11

Motivation

Answer 11

this increases the likelihood of performing the observed behavior

Question 12

Role model

Answer 12

A person who we admire or with whom we share similar characteristics.

Question 13

Identification

Answer 13

this occurs in SLT when the learner replicates the behaviour and/or internalises belief

Question 14

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 14

Motivation to model the behaviours of others who we see being rewarded for their behaviour.

Question 15

Chrisitan

Answer 15

Researcher who found higher concordance rates in crimnal activity for dizygotic twins than monozygotic twins

Question 16

Concordance rate

Answer 16

The chance of both twins having something in common e.g. criminal ativity

Question 17

Extravert

Answer 17

A personality type characterised by low levels or resting arousal and sensation-seeking behaviours

Question 18

Introvert

Answer 18

A personality type characterised by levels of resting arousal

Question 19

Psychotic

Answer 19

A personality type where the person shows a lack of fear and empathy towards others

Question 20

Neurotic

Answer 20

A personality type where the person is nervous and reacts strongly to negative emotions

Question 21

EPQ

Answer 21

A questionnaire used to measure extraversion, psychoticim and neuroticism

Question 22

Temperment

Answer 22

Someone nature. They are born with it and it affects behaviour.

Question 23

Socialisation

Answer 23

The way you are raised and taught to behave. It can vary according to P

Question 24

PEN

Answer 24

Criminal personality type

Question 25

PEN Criminal personality type

Answer 25

the protective care or guardianship of someone or something.

Question 26

Recidivism

Answer 26

Committing another crime after being released from an original crime

Question 27

Rehabilitation

Answer 27

A program designed to help criminal rather than punish them

Question 28

Humanitarian

Answer 28

Concern for a humans welfare

Question 29

community sentencing

Answer 29

offender serves to do work to improve their community e.g. cleaning graffiti

Question 30

Curfew

Answer 30

restriction on a time that an offender is allowed to be outside.

Question 31

Restorative justice

Answer 31

The process of a victim and offender meeting to resolve conflict and understand the pain caused by the crime

Question 32

Token Economy

Answer 32

A system of rewarding behaviours that are desirable

Question 33

Bandura

Answer 33

Investigated social learning theory using the bobo doll experiment

Question 34

Charlot et al

Answer 34

Investgated the introduction of TV on aggression and pro-social behaviour in St Helena

Question 35

Anger Management Program

Answer 35

For of rehabilitation consisting of cognitive preparation, skills acquisition, and application practice

Question 36

Cognitive preparation

Answer 36

step 1 of anger management: reflect on what makes the offender angry and how it is counter productive

Question 37

Skills acquisition

Answer 37

step 2 of anger management: learn to relax through deep breathing and to assertive

Question 38

Application practice

Answer 38

step 3: role-play situations where one feels angry and use skills to deal with the problem

Question 39

Operant conditioning

Answer 39

Learning the consequences of action

Question 40

Positive reinforcement

Answer 40

Receiving something pleasant for a behaviour so we do it again