criminlogy unit 2 from book Flashcards
(30 cards)
Deviance
It is the term used to refer to any behaviour that forms the norm in a society
Norms
Values
Moral codes
Criminal behaviour
It is the term used to refer to the behaviours that are a form of deviance and that break the rules of society that often causing harm to others
Actus reus
refers to the guilty act
Mens rea
refers to guilty mind
What are sanctions
sanctions are the ways in which behaviour is rewarded or punished
It can be formal or informal
formal sanctions
sanctions that are imposed by offical organisations such as police
what is polygamy
when someone has more than one wife or husband
the term used when a man has more than one wife is called _________
polygyny
the term used when a woman has more than one husband is called __________
polyandry
homosexualty
sexual acts between the members of the same gender/sex
when did the homosexualty became a criminal offence
In 1885 homosexualty between men was criminalised & it became an illegal offence and subject to up to life the prison
how many countries are still illegal to male homosexualty and lesbian relationships
male homosexualty is still illegal in apporoximately 70 countries & lesbian relationships are still illegal in 45 countries
how many types of therioes
3 types of theroies
what are the 3 types of theories
Biological
Individualistic
Sociological
what is biological theories
what is learning theories
learning theories assume that criminality is a behaviour that learned through interactions with other people, experiences, media and through the consequences of behaviours
social learning theory/albert bandura
It focuses on the learning of crime through watching other people commit crimes
Bandura proposed that all criminality is caused by observing criminality in other people and limitating it especially when the people we observe have a higher status than us or are people we respect and admire
what is “bobo doll”
Bandura found that children will imitate aggressive behaviour when they observe it in others and even more so when they see other people being rewarded for it
social learning theory
social learning theory also proposes that we can learn criminality from seeing other people rewarded for it or observed to have postive reinforcements for committing crime then we may be influenced to imtate the behaviour
physiological theories of criminality :- how does Lombroso look like
Lombroso proposed the atavistic form theory in criminality. atavistic form refers to the traits that Lombroso found to be common in prisoners and the deceased criminals
the size of the jaw and the jaw line is bigger than non-criminals
eyes sockets in criminal were larger and more profound
eyebrow arches were more prominent in criminals
criminals were likely to have higher cheek bones than non-criminals
flat noses were found more often in criminals
pointy noses were more common in criminals
Lombroso referred to criminals with any of these features as atavistic meaning that they were not as evolved as other people
physiological theories-lombroso and atavistic form
strength:- lombroso was the first to refer to offer a scentific and objective approach to understand the criminality
lombroso looked atv the medical records and patterns in criminal behaviours
lombroso proposed that crime was committed in response to being rejected by society
limtations:-
physiological theories:- Sheldon and somatotypes
strength:- Gleuk and Gluek investigated the somatotypes of prisoners and found that 60%of them were mesomorphs supporting the claims of sheldon. the most delinquent and deviant offerenders were also the most notably mesomorphic in body shape
limtation:-
