Criminology Unit 2

Question 1

What is the definition of criminality?

Answer 1

Criminality refers to the behavior of individuals who commit crimes and the study of the causes and consequences of such behavior.

Question 2

What are the two main types of crime?

Answer 2

The two main types of crime are felonies and misdemeanors.

Question 3

True or False: All crimes are classified as either violent or property crimes.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The __________ theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others.

Answer 4

social learning

Question 5

What is the strain theory in criminology?

Answer 5

Strain theory posits that society sets culturally approved goals and means to achieve them, and when individuals cannot achieve these goals, they may resort to crime.

Question 6

What does the term ‘white-collar crime’ refer to?

Answer 6

White-collar crime refers to non-violent crime committed for financial gain within a business or professional context.

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of crime? A) Theft B) Homicide C) Habitual behavior D) Fraud

Answer 7

C) Habitual behavior

Question 8

What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?

Answer 8

Felonies are more serious crimes that typically carry harsher penalties, while misdemeanors are less severe offenses with lighter penalties.

Question 9

True or False: Media coverage can influence public perception of crime rates.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What role does the media play in shaping the public’s fear of crime?

Answer 10

The media often sensationalizes crime stories, which can lead to increased fear and perception of danger among the public.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that prolonged exposure to media violence can desensitize individuals to real-life violence.

Answer 11

desensitization

Question 12

What is labeling theory in criminology?

Answer 12

Labeling theory suggests that individuals become criminals when society labels them as such, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is considered a violent crime? A) Burglary B) Assault C) Embezzlement D) Vandalism

Answer 13

B) Assault

Question 14

What is the primary focus of biological theories of crime?

Answer 14

Biological theories focus on genetic and physiological factors that may predispose individuals to criminal behavior.

Question 15

True or False: The media has no effect on the actual crime rate.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the concept of ‘moral panic’ in relation to crime?

Answer 16

Moral panic refers to a widespread fear, often irrational, that some evil threatens the well-being of society, often fueled by media coverage.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: __________ crimes are offenses committed by individuals in their professional life, often involving deceit.

Answer 17

White-collar

Question 18

What are the four categories of crime according to the FBI?

Answer 18

The four categories are violent crime, property crime, white-collar crime, and public order crime.

Question 19

Multiple Choice: Which type of crime includes drug offenses? A) Violent crime B) Property crime C) Public order crime D) Cyber crime

Answer 19

C) Public order crime

Question 20

What is the primary argument of the routine activities theory?

Answer 20

The routine activities theory posits that crime occurs when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of capable guardians converge in time and space.

Question 21

True or False: All types of crime are affected equally by media representation.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the difference between organized crime and white-collar crime?

Answer 22

Organized crime involves illegal activities conducted by structured groups, while white-collar crime is committed by individuals in their professional roles.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: __________ crime involves the use of computers and the internet to commit illegal activities.

Answer 23

Cyber

Question 24

What is the focus of conflict theory in relation to crime?

Answer 24

Conflict theory focuses on the social and economic inequalities that lead to crime, suggesting that laws are created to benefit the powerful.

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of a misdemeanor? A) Severe punishment B) Less serious offense C) Involves violence D) Requires a jury trial

Answer 25

B) Less serious offense

Question 26

What is the impact of sensationalism in media reporting of crime?

Answer 26

Sensationalism can distort public perception, leading to exaggerated fears and misinformed opinions about crime rates.

Question 27

True or False: Crime statistics are always an accurate reflection of actual crime rates.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What is the purpose of crime prevention strategies?

Answer 28

Crime prevention strategies aim to reduce the risk of crime occurring through various measures such as community programs and policy changes.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: __________ crimes are those that violate social norms but are not necessarily illegal.

Answer 29

Social

Question 30

What is the concept of 'victimology'?

Answer 30

Victimology is the study of victims, focusing on their role in the criminal justice process and the psychological effects of crime on victims.

Question 31

Multiple Choice: Which crime is considered a property crime? A) Murder B) Theft C) Assault D) Drug trafficking

Answer 31

B) Theft

Question 32

What is the significance of the 'broken windows theory'?

Answer 32

The broken windows theory suggests that visible signs of disorder and neglect cause an increase in crime.

Question 33

True or False: Psychological theories of crime focus solely on environmental factors.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

What is the role of social structure in the social disorganization theory?

Answer 34

Social disorganization theory posits that crime is more likely to occur in communities with weak social structures and disorganized neighborhoods.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: __________ crimes are offenses that are committed against individuals or groups for the purpose of intimidation or coercion.

Answer 35

Hate

Question 36

What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?

Answer 36

Primary deviance refers to initial acts of rule-breaking, while secondary deviance occurs when a person is labeled and continues to engage in deviant behavior.

Question 37

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a hate crime? A) Vandalism B) Rape C) Assault motivated by race D) Theft

Answer 37

C) Assault motivated by race

Question 38

What is the impact of economic factors on crime rates?

Answer 38

Economic factors, such as poverty and unemployment, can increase the likelihood of individuals engaging in criminal behavior.

Question 39

True or False: Crime can only be understood through legal definitions.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What is the relationship between crime and social inequality?

Answer 40

Social inequality can create conditions that foster crime, as marginalized individuals may resort to illegal means to achieve goals.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: __________ theory emphasizes the role of societal reactions to deviance in shaping criminal behavior.

Answer 41

Labeling

Question 42

What are the primary goals of restorative justice?

Answer 42

Restorative justice aims to repair harm, restore relationships, and involve all stakeholders in the process.

Question 43

Multiple Choice: Which theory suggests that crime is a learned behavior? A) Biological theory B) Social learning theory C) Routine activities theory D) Strain theory

Answer 43

B) Social learning theory

Question 44

True or False: The media often portrays crime in a way that reflects actual crime statistics.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

What is the impact of social media on crime reporting?

Answer 45

Social media can accelerate the spread of information about crime, but it can also contribute to misinformation and panic.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: __________ crimes are those that are committed in a digital environment.

Answer 46

Cyber

Question 47

What is the significance of community policing?

Answer 47

Community policing emphasizes building relationships between law enforcement and the community to collaboratively address crime.

Question 48

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of violent crime? A) Involves physical harm B) Financial gain C) Non-violent D) Socially accepted

Answer 48

A) Involves physical harm

Question 49

What is the role of the criminal justice system in addressing crime?

Answer 49

The criminal justice system is responsible for enforcing laws, adjudicating offenders, and rehabilitating those who commit crimes.

Question 50

True or False: All criminal behaviors are equally punished under the law.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

What is the concept of 'neighborhood watch'?

Answer 51

Neighborhood watch is a community-based program aimed at crime prevention through citizen involvement and vigilance.

Question 52

Fill in the blank: __________ crimes are those committed against the state or government.

Answer 52

Political

Question 53

What is the significance of victim impact statements?

Answer 53

Victim impact statements allow victims to express the emotional and financial impact of a crime during sentencing.

Question 54

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organized crime? A) Hierarchical structure B) Involves illegal goods B) Operates in secrecy D) Random acts of violence

Answer 54

D) Random acts of violence

Question 55

What is the main argument of the deterrence theory?

Answer 55

Deterrence theory argues that the threat of punishment can prevent individuals from committing crimes.

Question 56

True or False: Crime rates are static and do not change over time.

Answer 56

False

Question 57

What is the role of social factors in influencing crime rates?

Answer 57

Social factors, such as family structure, education, and community cohesion, can significantly influence crime rates.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: __________ crime involves the use of force or threat of force against individuals.

Answer 58

Violent