Critical Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
It is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and extent of human knowledge.
A
Epistemology
2
Q
It refers to the external representation of an idea.
A
Terms
3
Q
It refers to is the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning.
A
Logic
4
Q
Philosophy asks the question of “why” and “how”. (T/F)
A
True
5
Q
The subject of matter of philosophy is reality. Therefore, philosophy investigates the ultimate causes of reality. (T/F)
A
True
6
Q
Concrete or Abstract? tantalizing eyes
A
Concrete
7
Q
Concrete or Abstract? Compassion
A
Abstract
8
Q
Concrete or Abstract? One (1)
A
Abstract
9
Q
Singular, Particular, Universal Term?
All soldiers
A
Universal
10
Q
Singular, Particular, Universal Term?
the philosopher
A
Singular
11
Q
Singular, Particular, Universal Term?
every mammal
A
Universal
12
Q
Please watch the tower. My watch is broken.
A
Equivocal
13
Q
Bark of the dog. Bark of a tree.
A
Equivocal
14
Q
Foot of a mountain. Foot of a man.
A
Analogous
15
Q
There is a war happening in Ukraine.
A
Proposition
16
Q
Basketball is my favorite sport.
A
Proposition
17
Q
The color of the ocean and the sky is blue.
A
Proposition
18
Q
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
“This is a standard deck of playing cards”. So, if I draw a card from it, that card will be a king.
A
Premise
19
Q
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
We know that the murderer was either Jackson or Harrison. We also know the murdered could not have been Harrison. “So, the murder had to be Jackson.”
A
Conclusion
20
Q
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
I have heard that cats with long hair have lots of fleas. They also shed all over the house, “so you should not get a long-haired cat.”
A
Conclusion
21
Q
It refers to is the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning.
A
Logic
22
Q
It is an act of the mind wherein the mind understands the general meaning of a thing without affirming or denying anything about it.
A
Apprehension
23
Q
Identify whether each statement is an argument or not. Write A if it is an argument and NA if it’s not.
Witnesses said they heard a loud crack before a balcony gave way at a popular nightspot, dropping dozens of screaming people fourteen feet. At least eighty people were injured at the Diamond Horseshoe casino when they fell onto broken glass and splintered wood. Investigators are waiting for an engineer’s report on the deck’s occupancy load.
A
NA
24
Q
Metaphysics studies the cosmos and its content. (T/F)
A
True
25
Philosophy asks the question of "why" and "how". (T/F)
True
26
Concrete or Abstract? Honest man
Concrete
27
Concrete or Abstract? Purity
Abstract
28
Concrete or Abstract? perfume
Concrete
29
Singular, Particular, Universal Term?
Not all people
Particular
30
The moon is made of cheese.
Proposition
31
"How do you do?"
Not a proposition
32
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
If dogs have more than five legs, then they have more than four legs. Dogs do not have more than five legs. "Therefore, dogs do not have more than four legs."
Conclusion
33
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
"Since whales are reptiles, and reptiles can fly." It follows that whales can fly.
Premise
34
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
Everyone who has ever tried to climb the Matterhorn has experienced terror at some stage of the ascent. Just you wait, Keisha. "Sooner or later on your climb you are going to be afraid."
Conclusion
35
Identify whether the statement is a proposition of not. Write P if it is a proposition and NP if it’s not.
When all this is over, I’ll go to the beach.
NP
36
It is one of the divisions of logic which deals only with the correctness or coherence of the conclusion arrived from the process of reasoning.
Formal logic
37
It refers to any group of propositions in which one is claimed to follow logically from the others.
Argument
38
Metaphysics was coined by Andronicus of Rhodes who was the editor of Aristotle's works (T/F)
True
39
Aesthetic is the branch of philosophy that studies beauty. It deals with what appeals to the eyes and the ears. (T/F)
True
40
Concrete or Abstract? dirty linen
Concrete
41
Concrete or Abstract? Vast ocean
Concrete
42
Concrete or Abstract? Innocence
Abstract
43
Singular, Particular, Universal Term?
The economist
Singular
44
the bestman
Singular
45
A knife is sharp. I have a sharp mind.
Analogous
46
Please open the door for me.
Not a proposition
47
Jump and slide.
Not a proposition
48
"Joining us?"
Not a proposition
49
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
Someone must have been spying on us last night. "Look at these footprints in the mud by the window."
Premise
50
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
When I wake up in the morning, the world is pretty much the same as I left it the day before. "So, today, it will be pretty much the same as it was yesterday."
Conclusion
51
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies existence as an entity. (T/F)
TRUE
51
It refers to the conscious act of evaluating, judging, and criticizing the worth or value of another person’s action, belief, behavior, intellectual and rational product.
Critical Thinking
52
Concrete or Abstract? toothbrush
Concrete
53
Singular, Particular, Universal Term?
All laptops
Universal
53
Concrete or Abstract? diligent student
Concrete
54
Cat is an animal. Dog is an animal.
Univocal
55
FEU Tech is located in Sampaloc, Manila.
Proposition
56
Logic is the science and art of correct thinking.
Proposition
57
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
"All physicians are individuals who have earned degrees in political science, and some lawyers are physicians." Therefore, some lawyers are persons who have earned degrees in political science.
Premise
58
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
The sun has risen everyday since I can remember. "It follows that the sun will rise tomorrow."
Conclusion
59
Identify whether the statement is a proposition of not. Write P if it is a proposition and NP if it’s not.
Wear a face mask every time you go out
NP
60
It is considered as the building blocks of knowledge.
Ideas
61
Identify whether the statement is a proposition of not. Write P if it is a proposition and NP if it’s not.
Everybody has the right to express their ideas and opinions.
P
62
Identify whether the statement is a proposition of not. Write P if it is a proposition and NP if it’s not.
The virus is transferred through droplets.
P
63
It is a methodic and rational inquiry into the ultimate causes of things.
Philosophy
64
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the theory of knowledge. (T/F)
True
64
Skepticism believes that nothing can be known for certain. For the skeptics, certainty is an illusion. (T/F)
True
65
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that studies the principles of human action. It deals with the morality of human actions. It deals with values of good and evil. (T/F)
True
66
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
evaluating the best government in a nation
Ethics
67
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
selling one’s organ for profit
Ethics
68
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
the concept of downloading and uploading thought processes in the computer
Logic and Aesthetics
69
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
homocentric philosophy to protect the environment
Ethics
70
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
if-then statements (hypothetical syllogisms)
Logic or Aesthetics
71
According to survey, most people buy spiritual books to uplift their sadness and loneliness.
Due to sadness and loneliness, Maria went to the bookstore to buy books.
Therefore, she will buy spiritual books.
Most probably true
72
The pre-school teacher always asks the students to pass their assignment.
Kiko was not able to make his assignment, and hoped that her teacher will forget to ask it from him.
Therefore, Kiko was not reprimanded by her teacher for not doing his assignment.
Certainly False
73
If I do not wake up, then I cannot go to work.
If I cannot go to work, then I will not get paid.
Therefore, if I do not wake up, then I will not get paid.
Certainly True
74
It is difficult to win a 6/55 lotto because the odds are too high.
Bien bought a single lotto ticket.
Therefore, he will win tonight’s draw.
Most probably false
75
Manny Villar will win the presidential election if and only if Noli de Castro will not run.
Noli de Castro runs for the position of president.
Therefore, Manny Villar will win the presidential election.
Certainly False
76
Concrete or Abstract? Perseverance
Abstract
77
Concrete or Abstract? Diligence
Abstract
78
Some medical practitioners
Particular
79
the university belt
Singular
80
What would be the correct logical structure of this proposition?
Sam dances.
Sam is a dancer.
81
What would be the correct logical structure of this proposition?
Fathers provide for the family.
Fathers are providers.
82
What would be the correct logical structure of this proposition?
Bats fly.
Bats are fliers.
Bats are flying creatures.
All of the options provided
Bats are flying animals.
All of the options provided
83
What would be the correct logical structure of this proposition?
Men seek fortune.
Men are seekers of fortune.
84
What would be the correct logical structure of this proposition?
Dolphin swims.
Dolphins are swimming animals.
85
There is a war happening in Ukraine.
Proposition
86
"Joining us?"
Not a proposition
87
"What is your name?"
Not a proposition
88
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
"Every sample of copper ever examined conducts electricity." So, it is a safe bet that this particular piece of
copper will conduct electricity when we examine it.
Premise
89
Is the highlighted proposition a Premise or Conclusion?
A good society treasures its dissidents and mavericks "because it needs the creative thinking that produces
new hypotheses, expanded means, a larger set of alternatives, and, in general, the vigorous conversation
induced by fresh ideas." (Nel Noddings, Philosophy of Education, 1995)
Premise
90
Identify whether each statement is an argument or not. Write A if it is an argument and NA if it's not.
President Duterte had the highest approval ratings of all time. He got 98% approval rating which
no one has ever got. Thus, he is the best president our country has ever had.
A
91
Epistemology comes from two Greek words 'episteme’ which means 'knowledge' and 'logos', which
means 'study’. (T/F)
True
92
The term 'metaphysics' comes from two Greek words, 'meta’ which means 'after' and 'physika’ which
means 'physics'. (T/F)
True
93
Philosophy goes beyond the face value of things and investigates their root causes. (T/F)
True
94
Rationalism believes that knowledge can be got only (T/F)**
True (incomplete question)
95
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
either-or statements
Logic or Aesthetics
96
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
arts and sculpture
Logic or Aesthetics
97
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
knowing the different fallacies
Logic or Aesthetics
98
Choose the correct branch of philosophy associated with the following words.
certainty of knowledge
Epistemology
99
Concrete or Abstract? Purity
Abstract
100
A sentence is considered proposition regardless if the truth value is not known as long as it has truth value as in the sentence, “The sun will rise tomorrow.” (T/F)
True
101
Nonpropositions are statements which is neither true nor false as in the statement “Do not share fake news.” (T/F)
True
102
A fallacy is a type of argument that seems to be correct but contains a mistake in reasoning. (T/F)
True
103
A sentence having two or more propositions is called simple proposition. (T/F)
False (Correct Answer)
104
Hasty Generalization (Converse Accident) is the fallacy occurs when there is a reasonable likelihood that the sample is not representative of the group. Such a likelihood may arise if the sample is either too small or not randomly selected. (T/F)
True
105
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
This man his father killed.
Amphiboly
106
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
John attacked a man with a knife.
Amphiboly
107
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Jose is an intelligent boy.
But Jose studies in Far Eastern University.
Therefore, all who study at FEU are intelligent.
Composition
108
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
"You better think twice--- vote for my candidate or lose your job."
Appeal to Force
109
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
"Where will the suspect's poor wife get financial support for her family, if you convict him? Where is your sense of justice, your sense of humanity? Where is your sense of compassion? How can you bear to see this poor man's children suffer and eventually starve to death?"
Appeal to Pity
110
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
"You better agree to my proposal, or you cannot see your wife tonight."
Appeal to Force
111
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
If you are not the solution, then you are part of the problem.
False Dichotomy
112
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Generally, streets are safe to walk down.
Conclusion: Therefore, we should be able to walk down this street without harassment.
Suppressed Evidence
113
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
“If you can’t prove me wrong, therefore I am right.”
Argument from Ignorance
114
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Night comes before day. Therefore, night causes day.
False Cause
115
Not all working students are uncompromising.
Affirmative
116
Many Filipino are fortunate.
Affirmative
117
Classify the categorical proposition:
No geniuses are conformists.
E
118
Classify the categorical proposition:
No S is P.
E
119
If A proposition is false, then E is _____?
Doubtful
120
If O proposition is false, then I is _____?
True
121
If A proposition is false, then I is _____?
Doubtful
122
If I proposition is true, then O is _____?
Doubtful
123
If I proposition is true, then E is _____?
False
124
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Philosophy students make up a good class.
Berto is a philosophy student.
Therefore, Berto makes up a good class.
Division
125
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Jose is an intelligent boy.
But Jose studies in Far Eastern University.
Therefore, all who study at FEU are intelligent.
Composition
126
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
A lawyer who pleads for the acquittal of his client on the ground that the client's mother has a heart problem and could have a heart attack upon hearing that her son was convicted.
Appeal to Pity
127
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
You should not cut people.
Therefore, surgeons should not cut people.
Accident
128
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
A suitor to a girl: "Please marry me. If you won't, my heart will break. Life for me will be meaningless without you. I will surely die of grief."
Appeal to Pity
129
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
“When was the last time you actually told the truth?”
Complex Question
130
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Either we elect Mr. X or the economy goes down the tubes. The choice should be obvious.
False Dichotomy
131
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
“Soft drinks are delightful refreshments. Therefore, everyone should drink it every day.”
Dicto Simpliciter (Unqualified Generalization)
132
No Asians are Americans.
Negative
132
Not to marry when you are still young is to lose a great opportunity.
Affirmative
133
Classify the categorical proposition:
No citizen is an alien.
E
134
All objects suitable for boat anchors are objects weighing at least fifteen pounds.
A
135
Classify the categorical proposition:
No sentient beings are quadrupeds.
E
136
If O proposition is true, then A is _____?
False
137
If E proposition is false, then A is _____?
Doubtful
138
If I proposition is false, then E is _____?
True
139
If E proposition is true, then I is _____?
False
140
If I proposition is true, then A is _____?
Doubtful
141
Appeal to pity is the fallacy in which the argument relies on generosity, altruism, or mercy, rather than on reason. (T/F)
True
142
Informal logic is a branch of logic whose task it is to develop non-formal standards, criteria, procedures for the analysis, interpretation, evaluation, criticism, and construction of argumentation in everyday discourse. (T/F)
True
143
Ignoratio elenchi means “ignorance of the proof.” The arguer is ignorant of the logical implications of his or her own premises and, as a result, draws a conclusion that misses the point entirely. (T/F)
True
144
A fallacy is an erroneous or incorrect reasoning. (T/F)
True
145
Informal logic is the study of various types of arguments in their natural setting – ordinary discourse. This logic identifies, interprets, analyzes, and evaluates arguments in various language games without using any of the templates of formal logic. (T/F)
True
146
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
All stars are astronomical bodies.
Ms. Alma Moreno is a star.
Therefore, Ms. Alma Moreno is an astronomical body.
Equivocation
147
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
"How can my opponent be relied upon, he is an ex-convict?"
Ad Hominem (Attacking the Person)
148
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Mother: Kindly limit your video game use because gaming can get in the way of your studies and chores.
Son: So are you saying, I should never have fun?
Strawman Fallacy
149
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Man has freewill because he is responsible for his actions. But why is he responsible for his actions? Because he has free will.
Begging the Question (Circular Argument)
150
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
“Providing daycare for toddlers is like herding cats.”
Weak Analogy
151
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
If one drinks liquor, he will get drunk, if he gets drunk, he will fall asleep, if he falls asleep he will not commit sin, if he does not commit sin, he will got to heaven. Hence, if one drinks liquor, he will go to heaven.
Slippery Slope
152
Not to obey one's parents is bad.
Affirmative ?
153
Classify the categorical proposition:
Some S is P.
I
154
If A proposition is true, then I is ____?
True
155
If I proposition is false, then A is _____?
False
156
Copula is the part of proposition that affirms or denies the subject. (T/F)
True
157
A sentence having two or more propositions is called simple proposition. (T/F)
False, Compound?
158
The red herring fallacy is committed when the arguer diverts the attention of the reader or listener by changing the subject to a different but sometimes subtly related one. He or she then finishes by either drawing a conclusion about this different issue or by merely presuming that some conclusion has been established.
True
159
The truth value of any statement is either true or false. (T/F)
True
160
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Lost: The dog of a lady with a long tail.
Amphiboly
161
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
When your mom gets your phone bill and you have gone over the limit you begin talking to her about how hard your math class is and how well you did on a test today.
Red Herring
162
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
"You better agree to my proposal, or you cannot see your wife tonight."
Appeal to Force
163
God exists, because the Bible says so and the Bible is the word of God.
Begging the Question
[Alt: Complex Question, False Dichotomy]
164
Unreliable people are irresponsible.
Affirmative ?
165
Classify the categorical proposition:
All S is not P.
O
166
Classify the categorical proposition:
ALL S is P.
A
167
Classify the categorical proposition:
Not all S is not P.
O
168
If A proposition is false, then O is _____?
True
169
If A proposition is true, then E is ____?
False
170
If O proposition is false, then E is _____?
False
171
If O proposition is true, then E is _____?
Doubtful
172
Argumentum non sequitur: This fallacy occurs when the conclusion doesn’t necessarily follow from the premise. (T/F)
True
173
Propositions can be both true and false. (T/F)
False
174
Post hoc ergo propter hoc is a fallacy in which an event is presumed to have been caused by a closely preceding event. Literally, “After this; therefore, because of this.” (T/F)
True
175
Informal logic is also known as non-formal logic or critical thinking. (T/F)
True
176
Informal logic is commonly regarded as an alternative to formal or mathematical logic. (T/F)
True
177
Why did you stop lying to your friends?
Complex Question
178
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
Either you support the Liberal Party or you are part of the problem. Surely, you don’t want to be a part of the problem.
False Dichotomy
179
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
These pills must be safe and effective for reducing because Toni Gonzaga is endorsing it.
Appeal to Inappropriate Authority
180
What is the fallacy being represented in this example?
“Providing daycare for toddlers is like herding cats.”
Weak Analogy
181
Computer literates are not numerous.
Negative
182
Unreliable people are irresponsible.
Affirmative
183
Classify the categorical proposition:
Some books are not unreadable.
O
184
Classify the categorical proposition:
Some men are not Filipinos.
O
185
Classify the categorical proposition:
Some clergy are not abstainers.
O
186
If E proposition is false, then O is _____?
Doubtful
187
If E proposition is false, then I is _____?
True
188
Determine the fallacy.
"All homeless people are lazy"
Dicto Simpliciter
189
Determine the fallacy.
"Why are you so skeptical about ESP? Can you prove that it does not exist?"
Appeal to Ignorance
190
Determine the fallacy.
"You can't possibly accept his views that the employees need a raise. After all, he is the executive secretary of the labor union, and he is paid to make such statements."
Appeal to People (Bandwagon Appeal)
191
Determine the fallacy.
"Civil disobedience must be justified because none other than Dr. Spock, the well-known authority on child growth and development, was an advocate of civil disobedience during the era of protest against the war in Vietnam"
Appeal to Inappropriate Authority
192
What is the fallacy being represented in this example
"Hey, everyone speeds. So speeding isn't wrong."
Appeal to People
193
What is the fallacy being represented in this example
"I had a bad experience with my former husband, and from that experience I have learned that all men are no good"
Hasty Generalization
194
What is the fallacy being represented in this example
"You came to the room before me. There you must be the cause of all the dirt in this room."
False Cause
195
What is the fallacy being represented in this example
"These pills must be safe and effective for reducing because Toni Gonzaga is endorsing it"
Appeal to Inappropriate Authority
196
What is the fallacy being represented in this example
"Most dogs are friendly and pose no threat to people who pet them. Therefore, it would be safe to pet the little dog that is approaching us now."
Suppressing Evidence
197
What is the fallacy being represented in this example
"Where did you hide the cookies you stole?"
Complex Question
198
The fallacy of slippery slope is a variety of the false cause fallacy. It occurs when the conclusion of an argument rests on an alleged chain reaction and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place (T/F)
True
199
The parts of propositions are subject, predicate, and copula. (T/F)
True ?
200
Classify the categorical proposition:
All Shawnees are people who were skillful trackers.
A
201
Classify the categorical proposition:
No human beings are beings who can swim across the Atlantic Ocean.
E
202
Classify the categorical proposition:
No fools are sages.
E
203
Classify the categorical proposition:
No vikings are people who were wimpse
E
204
Classify the categorical proposition:
Some saints are reformed criminals
I
205
Whoever does good is rewarded
Affirmative
206
Some professional wrestlers are elderly persons who are incapable of doing an honest day's work.
I
207
Classify the categorical proposition:
Some rational beings are wise.
I
208
Classify the categorical proposition:
Some vines are plants
I
209
If O proposition is false, then A is ____?
True
210
If A proposition is true, then I is _____?
True
