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NDBE II > Critical Pharm Points to Know > Flashcards

Critical Pharm Points to Know Flashcards

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1
Q

ylenol 1 contains

A

325 mg acetaminophen, 8 mg codeine.

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2
Q

Tylenol 2 contains

A

300 mg acetaminophen, 15 mg codeine.

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3
Q

Tylenol 3 contains

A

300 mg acetaminophen, 30 mg codeine.

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4
Q

Tylenol 4 contains

A

300 mg acetaminophen, 60 mg codeine.

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5
Q

Max Epi for ASA 1 Pt.

A

0.2mg

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6
Q

Max Epi for Cardiac Pt.

A

0.04mg

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7
Q

Max Lidocaine w/o vasoconstrictor

A

4.4mg/kg

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8
Q

Max Lidocaine w/ vasoconstrictor

A

7mg/kg

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9
Q

PKA for Mepivicaine

A

7.6 pKa

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10
Q

PKA for Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Articaine

A

7.8 pKa

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11
Q

PKA for Bupivicaine

A

8.1 pKa

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12
Q

PSA injection max depth

A

16mm

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13
Q

Which injection is at higher risk of hematoma?

A

PSA nerve block

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14
Q

Amides are metabolized in the?

A

The liver

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15
Q

Ethers are metabolized in the?

A

Plasma

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16
Q

What Local Anysthetics are considered Esthers?

A 
• Procaine 
• Cocaine 
• Tetracaine 
• Benzocaine 
Notice: Esthers do not have any extra i's in the name
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17
Q

The Ether that is a natural vasoconstrictor

A

Cocain

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18
Q

The Amide that is not safe in children

A

Bupivicaine (Marcaine)

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19
Q

Amide that has an ester chain.

A

Articaine (Septocaine)

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20
Q

The amide that may cause methemoglobinemia

A

Prilocaine (Citanest)

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21
Q

Sulfonamides Mechanism of action

A

Bacteriostatic, folate synthesis inhibitor.

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22
Q

The two most common Sulfonamide drugs.

A

Sulfonamide, Sulfadiazine, and Sulfamethoxazole

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23
Q

Fluoroquinolones Mechanism of action

A

Bactericidal, DNA synthesis inhibitor.

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24
Q

Two prominent Fluoroquinolones to remember

A

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

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25
Penicillin Mechanism of action
Bactericidal, Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, β-lactam
26
because they are chemically related they have cross-allergenic potential
cephalosporins, and penicillins.
27
This penicillin is administered with IV, and is more sensitive to acid degradation.
Penicillin G
28
This penicillin is taken orally
Penicillin V
29
A broad spectrum penicillin
Amoxicillin
30
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (β-lactamase-resistant) is called?
Augmentin
31
These two penicillin For β-lactamase-resistant bacteria.
Methicillin | Dicloxacillin
32
Best/broadest gram-negative spectrum penicillin.
Ampicillin
33
Antibiotic penicillin class used specifically against pseudomonas
Carbenicillin
34
Cephalosporins Mechanism of action
Same as penicillin; Bactericidal • Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, β-lactam
35
Monobactams mechanism of action
Bactericidal Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, β-lacta
36
Example of Monobactam
Aztreonam
37
Carbapenems mechanism of action
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, β-lactam
38
Example of Carbapenem
Imipe[nem]
39
The Broadest antimicrobial spectrum
Tetracyclines
40
Tetracyclines mechanism of action
Bacteriostatic Protein synthesis inhibitor (30S ribosomal subunit)
41
How to remember Macrolides
Mac likes to throw mice Ery[thro][myci]n, etc... Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
42
Macrolides mechanism of action
* Bacteriostatic | * Protein synthesis inhibitor (50S ribosomal subunit)
43
Lincosamides
* Bacteriostatic | * Protein synthesis inhibitor (50S ribosomal subunit)
44
When is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Required with Cardiovascular conditions?
– Prosthetic heart valve – History of endocarditis – Heart transplant with valvulopathy/valve dysfunction – Congenital heart problems
45
When is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Required with Compromised immunity
– Organ transplant – Neutropenia – Cancer therapy
46
Rx for Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis for normal adults
* First choice Amoxicillin 2g 1 hr before tx | * PCN allergy Clindamycin 600mg 1 hr before tx
47
Rx for Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis for children
* Children, first choice Amoxicillin 50mg/kg 1 hr before tx * Children, PCN allergy Clindamycin 20mg/kg 1 hr before tx
48
Rx for Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Non oral administration for adults and kids
* Non-oral (IV or IM) Ampicillin 2g 30 min before tx | * Children, non-oral Ampicillin 50mg/kg 30 min before tx
49
Rx for Prosthetic Joint Prophylaxis
• First choice Keflex 2g 1 hr before tx
50
When is Antibiotic Prophylaxis NOT Required?
``` • Cardiovascular conditions – Cardiac pacemaker – Rheumatic fever without valvular dysfunction – Mitral valve prolapse without valvular regurgitation ```
51
What causes GI upset and pseudomonas colitis?
Clindamycin
52
What is most likely to cause superinfection?
Broad spectrum antibiotics
53
What is associated with aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
54
What is associated with liver damage?
Tetracycline
55
What is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis?
Erythromycin estolate
56
What are antibiotics that cancel echoer out?
Cidal and static drugs
57
What reads with Penicillin and increases duration of action?
probenecid
58
Where does Clindamycin drug concentration target the most?
Bone
59
Where does Tetracycline drug concentration target the most?
gingival crevicular fluid
60
Acyclovir, Valcyclovir to treat?
herpes
61
Fluconazole, Ketoconazole to treat?
candidiasis
62
Clotrimazole (Mycelex) is in?
troche form
63
Aspirin (ASA) irreversibly binds to?
Cox 1, and 2
64
What is Aspirin Hard on
GI tract
65
Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
kidney
66
Selective Cox 2 blockers are?
Celecoxib (Celebrex) | Meloxicam (Mobic)
67
Meloxicam (Mobic) is prescribed to treat?
Arthritis
68
can cause Reye’s Syndrome
Aspirin
69
Drug of choice in feverish child
Acetaminophen
70
Acetaminophen Mechanism?
Unknown, but inhibits pain in the CNS. Causes liver problems to excess.
71
Tuberculosis Treatment PRIEST memoric
``` Pyrazinamide Fifampin Isoniazide (INH) Ethambutol Streptomyci ```

NDBE II (2 decks)

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