CRITICAL THINKING PPT 1 Flashcards
(34 cards)
to improve our ability to reason and generate strong arguments
Purpose of Critical Thinking
lectures based on Stuart Hanscomb
to improve our ability to assess the strength of arguments used by others
Purpose of Critical Thinking
lectures based on Stuart Hanscomb
What is an argument?
A claim being asserted which we want people to believe as true;
What is an argument?
Reasons offered in support of such claim, through which we try to convince others that such claim is true.
What are the main parts of an argument?
A claim being asserted which we want people to believe as true;
Reasons offered in support of such claim, through which we try to convince others that such claim is true.
[premises] – [conclusion]
[reasons] – [claim]
What is critical thinking?
‘reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do.’ (Robert Ennis, 1996)
What is critical thinking?
doing and believing which emphasizes deliberation and decision-making.
What is critical thinking?
‘the active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief… in the light of the grounds which support it.’
(John Dewy, father of CT, 1910)
‘reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do.’
(Robert Ennis, 1996)
‘the active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief… in the light of the grounds which support it.’
(John Dewy, father of CT, 1910)
Tips to become a critical thinker
Be aware of theories on rationality and arguments.
Practice in applying this learning to examples of arguments and exchanges between people which involves arguments and counter-arguments.
Reflect on how we form our beliefs and how we interact with others.
- Critical Thinking and the Spirit of Philosophy
The spirit of philosophy :
To apply rational thinking to all issues (social, political, moral, economic, etc.)
To take responsibility for one’s future end.
To grow up (to mature thinking; not childish).
To have resolution and courage to think on your own.
- Purpose of Critical Thinking (lectures based on Stuart Hanscomb)
- to improve our ability to reason and generate strong arguments;
- to improve our ability to assess the strength of arguments used by others.
“I am humble enough to know that I do not know.”
Socrates
“I ‘doubt’, thus I exist. (cogito ergo sum)”
Rene Descartes
“My mind imposes unto the world I see.”
Immanuel Kant
“Is my life different because I know this…?”
John Newman
Argument = dialogue = ‘intellectual midwifery’
Socrates
The spirit of philosophy is in:
The critical thinker (verifying assumptions about how the world operates);
The seeker (of foundational truths, of true lasting happiness, of the fulfilled life);
The reflector (self-understanding of what he really wants in life,& of the hindrances or limitations);
The agitator (challenges theories/practices to improve society; the agent/advocate of change).
(verifying assumptions about how the world operates);
critical thinker
(of foundational truths, of true lasting happiness, of the fulfilled life);
seeker
(self-understanding of what he really wants in life,& of the hindrances or limitations);
reflector
(challenges theories/practices to improve society; the agent/advocate of change).
agitator
Psychology of Persuasion
[argument] – [rhetorics; public speaking]
