Critical Thinking skills

Question 1

Critical thinking skills

Answer 1

collection of skills we use everyday that are necessary for our full intellectual and personal development

Question 2

Roles of a critical thinker in a democracy

Answer 2

Analytical skills, effective communication, research and inquiry, flexibility and tolerance, open-minded skepticism, creative problem-solving, attention, mindfulness, and curiosity, Collaborative learning

Question 3

Solomon asch experiment

Answer 3

peer pressure, evidence for, senses and unanimous opinion of a group of peers, ab 25% never conformed, 75 conformed at least once, think people want to fit in with a group, group must be better informed

Question 4

Stanley Milgram experiment

Answer 4

authoritative, all participants went to 300, suggested ordinaryy people are likely to follow authoritative orders. obedience to authority ingrained.

Question 5

3 stages of cognitive development

Answer 5

1.) Dualism(right and wrong answers). 2.)Relativism (authorities done have right answers) 3.) Commitment (shouldn’t blindly follow or oppose authority)

Question 6

Egocentrism

Answer 6

believing you are center of all things

Question 7

Ethnocentrism

Answer 7

uncritical or unjustified belief in the inherit superiority of ones own group of universe

Question 8

Color in advertising theory

Answer 8

Studies how different colors determine human behavior and decision making

Question 9

SWOT MODEL- internal weakness

Answer 9

Strengths and weaknesses

Question 10

SWOT MODEL- external weakness

Answer 10

Opportunities and threats

Question 11

Active portrayals in gender advertising theory

Answer 11

actively involved with the product or service being advertised

Question 12

Decorative portrayals in gender advertising theory

Answer 12

passively decorating the advertisement

Question 13

expert credentials

Question 14

media literacy

Answer 14

the ability to critically analyze and evaluated the message conveyed through media

Question 15

eyewitness testimony and memory

Answer 15

incorrect 50% of time. direct sensory experience infallible since our brains interpret rather than record sensory experience

Question 16

perceptual errors

Answer 16

occurs when our brains filter our perceptions from our senses and fill in missing information based in part on our expectations

Question 17

self-serving bias

Answer 17

describes when we attribute positive events and successes to our own character or actions, but blame negative results to external factors unrelated to our character.

Question 18

helpers high

Answer 18

happens when you help other people and then feel happy and good about yourself

Question 19

inductive reasoning

Answer 19

aims at developing a theory that is probably true. based on probabilities. can be false even if premises are true

Question 20

deductive reasoning

Answer 20

aims at testing theory, based on certainty. cant be false If premises are true

Question 21

categorical syllogism

Answer 21

deductive argument that categorizes or sorts things into specific classes

Question 22

hypothetical syllogism

Answer 22

deductive argument that is in valid form and premises have to be true

Question 23

deductive syllogism

Answer 23

deductive argument where one or more premises are false or argument does not use valid form

Question 24

valid syllogism

Answer 24

if form of argument is such that the conclusion must be true if premises are true. (all A are B, all C are A, therefore, all C are B.

Question 25

invalid syllogism

Answer 25

all A are B, all C are B, so, all C are A

Question 26

types of causal arguments

Answer 26

ONE.)Evidence for causal relationship should be strong. 2.)Argument should not contain fallacies. 3.) data should be current and up-to-date. 4.) conclusion should not go beyond premises

Question 27

sound syllogism

Answer 27

in valid form and premises have to be true

Question 28

unsound syllogism

Answer 28

one or more premises is false or argument does not use valid form

Question 29

fallacy of false dilemma (syllogism)

Answer 29

unsound argument. committed when more alternatives presented that two stated in disjunctive syllogism

Question 30

definition of causal arguments

Answer 30

claims something is or isn't the cause of something else (cause-effect relationships)

Question 31

correlation

Answer 31

when 2 events occur together regularly at rates higher than probability

Question 32

causation

Answer 32

when one event directly causes other

Question 33

representative sample

Answer 33

sample that's similar in relevant respects to the larger population

Question 34

polls and biased results

Answer 34

Self-selected samples, Slanted questions, push polls, loaded questions, self-serving errors

Question 35

sample size

Answer 35

selecting some members of group then making generalizations about whole population that's based on characteristics of these members

Question 36

generalizations

Answer 36

conclusion we draw about certain characteristics of a group or population on basis of a sample from that group

Question 37

self-selected sample

Answer 37

occurs when only people most interested in poll or survey participate

Question 38

Avoidance

Answer 38

avoiding certain people or situations that disagree with our world views

Question 39

Anger

Answer 39

used when confronted with opposing views

Question 40

Cliches

Answer 40

using often repeated statements to sidetrack

Question 41

Denial

Answer 41

denial even when presented with evidence

Question 42

Ignorance

Answer 42

intentionally avoiding learning about a particularly issue when information is avaiable

Question 43

conformity

Answer 43

being afraid to take an unpopular position for fear of rejection

Question 44

struggling

Answer 44

analysis paralysis

Question 45

distractions

Answer 45

use of tv, music, party, work, drugs, alc, or shopping to prevent minds from critically thinking about troublesome issues in our lives

Question 46

Ad hominem

Answer 46

attacking speaker or group representing idea rather than attacking merits of idea itself

Question 47

bandwagon

Answer 47

stating idea is correct if majority of people believe its correct

Question 48

loaded question

Answer 48

assumes a particular answer to another unasked question

Question 49

red herring

Answer 49

strays from basic argument by introducing evidence or ideas that are distracting and not related to basic argument

Question 50

slippery slope

Answer 50

chain-reaction argument that claims one event or action will inevitably lead to another more disastrous one

Question 51

straw man

Answer 51

an opponent’s argument is distorted, misrepresented, or exaggerated in order to make it easier to refute.