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CRJU FINAL!!! > CRJU Final > Flashcards

CRJU Final Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Labeling theory

A

Socially constructed as a criminal

  • Lemert
  • Becker
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2
Q

Edwin Lemert

A

Labeling theory

- primary deviance and secondary deviance

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3
Q

Primary deviance

A

Initial behavior that triggers a label

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4
Q

Secondary deviance

A

After the individual has internalized said label, they become available

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5
Q

Dramatization of the evil

A

Dramatization of the evil

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6
Q

Frank Tannenbaum

A

Frank Tannenbaum

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7
Q

Howard Becker

A

Master status

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8
Q

Master status

A

The label of deviance becomes the most identifiable

- your identity is constructed for you

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9
Q

Conflict model

A

Society is competing for power
- Thorsten Sellin
-

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10
Q

Thorsten Sellin

A

1) primary culture conflict

2) secondary culture conflict

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11
Q

Primary culture conflict

A

when two distinct cultures come into contact and one has more resources to impose their values onto the other culture
- (ex: English settlement)

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12
Q

Secondary culture conflict

A

One culture becomes so diverse that it becomes separate subcultures because there isn’t one shared value system
- whichever group has more power can have the ability to control other groups

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13
Q

Group conflict

A

George Vold

  • crime is a minority group behavior (minority is not a number, it’s those who are disempowered)
  • crime is always a political
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14
Q

Richard: social reality of crime

A

Those in power construct criminal definitions for those who are not in power
- (prop 1-6)

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15
Q

Prop 1

A

Law varies directly with stratification

  • stratification = levels; vertical aspect of social life goes up or down and it comes from the uneven distribution of material wealth
    - (all tools necessary to live)
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16
Q

Prop 2

A

Law varies directly with rank

- different ranks will have different amounts of legal protection

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17
Q

Prop 3

A

Downward lot is greater than upward law
- someone with more power will have greater success in bringing legal action against someone with less power and vice versa

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18
Q

Prop 4

A

Downward law varies directly with vertical distance but upward law varies with inverse distance
- the law increases in success as it is applied downward and law decreases with success as it is applied upward

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19
Q

Prop 5

A

It is easier for a conformist to bring legal action against a nonconformist and it is harder for a nonconformist to bring legal action against the conformist

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20
Q

Prop 6

A

The greater the conformity the greater the legal protection

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21
Q

Donald black

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A

> Legal anthropologist
created the propositions - The behavior of law
“the history of all hither to existing society is a history of class struggles”

22
Q

Class struggle

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A

“The history of all hither to existing society is a history of class struggle” - Donald black

23
Q

Eric Hoffer

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A

“Jesus wasn’t a Christian nor was marks a Marxist”

  • disconnect between the words and the movement
  • the true believer 1941
24
Q

Karl Marx

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A 
Marxism 
false consciousness 
means of production 
proletariat 
bourgeois 
"each according to his ability, each according to his need"
25
Marxism
If you want to understand anything, you need to pay attention to how material wealth is controlled, produced, and distributed (in that culture) - a society based on competition is inherently unstable - top percent control the means (methods) of production
26
False consciousness
The ability to recognize your own oppression - are you controlling the means of production or are you being controlled by the person who controls the means of production??
27
Middle-class
According to Marx, there is no middle class there are only two classes: 1) controller of the means of production 2) person being controlled by the controller of the means of production
28
Social relations
Distribution of material wealth shapes social relations, thus shapes the law Means of production--> social relations--> law Ex: agriculture--> race--> slavery
29
capitalism
- competition: eliminate all competitors - exploitation: workers are exploited - alienation: we allow labor exploits to happen profit is the goal of capitalism (income without effort)
30
Dangerous classes
Downward a law in order to deal with dangerous 99%
31
Marxism in prisons
prisons are the safety valve
32
Symbolic interaction
Identity is a social construct interaction = communication symbol = nonverbal communication - we gain a sense of who we are by internalizing symbols and interactions
33
Liberal feminist criminology
Late increase in female crime is a result of loosening female gender roles - as more opportunities open up for women, they will also have more opportunities to commit crime
34
Freda Adler
Sisters in crime/behavioral change | - Women were taking a more aggressive stance when entering the workplace
35
Rita Simon
Women and crime/change opportunity | - still a large amount of unexplained increase in crime rate status the same
36
The law of small numbers
The less you start out with, the more the perceived change. the more you start with, the less perceived change
37
Patriarchy
A male dominated society
38
Marxist feminist criminology
Agree with Marxism, but they left out one key variable: gender--> patriarchy - those who control the means of production and material wealth are men - women are considered to be material wealth [Women are treated and were treated as a means of production]
39
Theories of crime
Interested in the event itself | - theories of criminality are concerned about the motivation behind the crime
40
Rational choice
Ronald Clarke - free will - all individuals have a calculator, where they weigh the risks and benefits
41
Bounded rationality
Rational from the perspective of the offender
42
Routine activities
Cohen and Felson - a crime is more likely to occur when three factors converge in time and space 1) a motivated offender 2) a suitable target 3) no capable guardian =The opportunity structure of crime
43
Marcus Felson
The opportunity structure of crime - we can reduce the amount of crime in society without reducing the amount of criminals - -> by limiting the opportunity by creating capable guardians and less suitable targets - -> people will make a rational choice to commit less crimes if they have less opportunity
44
Crime displacement
Displacement will occur, if and only if, an equally attractive opportunity structure is available 4 types: 1) spacial: crime moves from one location to another 2) Temporal: crime moves from one time to another 3) tactical: how the crime is committed changes 4) Target: crime that's being performed is different
45
Situational crime prevention
New York City bus terminal
46
general theory
Gottfredson and Hirshi - they believe it could explain all forms of crime -->what causes crime? - low self control - conformity requires following the rules - low self-control is a character trait (you will have it for your whole life) *a tautology*
47
Interactionist theory
Richard Thornberry Incarceration breaks social bonds and it guarantees that it cannot be improved upon - recognizes that there is an interaction between the criminal justice system and the criminals (they influence and affect one another)
48
Postmodernism
We only have claims of certainty (everything is a claim) We do not except the hypothesis until you reject all counter hypotheses --> if you want to prove that an item is a chair if you're going to prove that it is not a table, a lamp (truth always change)
49
Restorative justice
They recognize that we as a society do not have a consensus of what justice is, we instead focus on the punishment level (counter violence) - The problem with the criminal justice system is that the victim does not have a voice - -> they need to tell their stories as do the offenders
50
Abolitionist criminologists
They ask: what would we do if we could not send people to prison? - we would need to come up with a better system and policies
51
What causes crime?
POWER - an unequal distribution of power the only way we will get rid of crime is to stop the hierarchy of power race gender etc. - -> a powerless society

CRJU FINAL!!! (1 decks)

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