Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Crop production > Crops > Flashcards

Crops Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Grass tolerance to poor drainage

A 
Decreases as follows
Reed Canary 
Tall fescue
Smooth brome grass
Orchardgrass
Timothy
Alfalfa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Small grain tolerance to poor drainage

A 
Decreases as follows
Rye
Oats
Wheat
Barley
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Corn water requirement

A

15-18 inches
Most sensitive to drought 2wks before silking to 3 weeks after (July to early august)
Drought here can reduce grain yields by 50% and silage by 35-50%
Wet July usually results in high yields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Soybean water requirement

A

15-18 inches

Most drought sensitive during pod and seed fill (August). Can reduce yield by 50% with a dry august

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cool temps during grain fill

A

Can increases yield by extending the grain fill time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fall harvest management alfalfa

A

6-7 weeks rest between second to last and last harvest of the season

6-8 inches of regrowth before a killing frost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Half milk line occurs at what DM

A

35% DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Soybean maturity groups grown in northern ny and New England

Central ny

A

Northern: groups 0, 1
Central: groups 1,2,3(if planted early)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Forage GDD calculation

A

Use base 41 degrees F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What temp to plant corn

A

45-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What temp to plant soybeans

A

50-55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Silage rate compares to grain corn rate

A

Plant About 4,000more kernels per acre for silage

Final stands 3,500 more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alfalfa NDF CP

A

NDF 38%

CP 19-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pure grass
NDF
CP

A

NDF: 50%
CP: 17-18%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Corn Silage
NDF
CP
Starch

A

NDF: low 40% range
CP: 8%
Starch: low 30% range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Small grain yield if harvest for forage at mid-boot stage

A

About 40% lower than if harvest at dough grain stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acid tolerant crops

A

Rye and oats can grow well at pH 5.5-6.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acid sensitive crops

A

Barley, wheat, soybeans, corn require pH above 6.2 for max yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cool season grass

Water requirement

A

Twice that of warm season grasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Water requirements for forage grasses

A

Critical at establishment

NOT critical at reproductive stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Corn and wheat can tolerate standing water at this growth stage

A

Flowering and beyond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Soybean sensitive to poor drainage

A

Early in the season

During flowering bc N fixation is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alfalfa pH

A

6.6-7.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Barley

Birdsfoot trefoil pH

A

6.3-6.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Clovers Corn Grasses Oats pH
5.8-6.2
25
Soybean pH
6.6-7.0
26
Wheat pH
6.3-6.5
27
Water needs of a crop
Bell shaped curve Increasing through reproductive development (silking, heading out) Decreasing during grain fill
28
Full stand of alfalfa
4 live plants per square foot | Or 40+ shoots
29
Length of growing season in northeast
120 days
30
Corn and soy optimum temps
86 max | Base 50
31
Corn and Soy GDD
GDD= ((high of the day+low of the day)/2) -50 Max= 86 Min=50
32
Sunny weather | Dry weather
Speeds maturity
33
Cloudy weather | Wet weather
Slow maturity
34
Forages GDD
Base 41 Count after 5 consecutive days above 41
35
Birdsfoot trefoil
Low accumulation of root reserves Can persist under frequent, but not close, grazing better than alfalfa or red clover
36
Red clover
Short lived perennial, Acts as biennial in NE Drought tolerant
37
Fall tillage best on
Heavy clay loams with minimum slope that are typically too wet to work in the spring
38
Spring tillage dis and adv
Too wet Secondary tillage leaves soil more susceptible to crusting Loosens soil, seedbed in good condition for 1-2 months Less erosion potential than fall tillage
39
Reduced/chisel/ conservation tillage must have _% residue to meet standard
30% residue
40
Certified seed purpose
Ensures varietal identity | Evaluates seed purity and germination
41
% pure live seed
=100%-(% weed seed-%other crop seed -%inert material) =% pure seed x % germination
42
Importance of certified seed
``` Get variety advertised High seed quality No noxious weeds Few if any objectionable weeds Good germination Few if any off crop types Inspected and certified by official seed certification agency ```
43
Most important factor is selecting alfalfa varieties
``` Disease resistance to: Verticillium wilt Phytophthora root rot Anthracnose (only Hudson valley) Bacterial wilt (all mod varieties are resist) Fusarium wilt (not typically economic) ```
44
``` Alfalfa disease resistance HR R MR LR S ```
``` HR= 50% or more plants are resistant R= 31-50% MR= 15-30% LR= 5-15% S= 0-5% ```
45
Spring seeding
Late April early may for northern ny grasses Late as Early June alfalfa
46
Fall seeding
Mid august for northern ny grasses Early august alfalfa
47
Frost seeding
Broadcast before spring freeze thaw Successful red clover Fail reed canary grass and Birdsfoot trefoil
48
Corn Planting soil temp Moisture Depth
45-50 Dry soil usually okay Optimum 1.5-2 If dry soil plant up to 3inches
49
Soybean Planting soil temp Moisture Depth
50-55 High imbibition rate (50% increase by weight) so very sensitive to dry soil 1.25-2inches
50
Small grain soil planting temp Moisture Depth
Temp rarely a constraint, germinate at 32 Can stand a range of moisture Plant up to 3inches wheat
51
Grain corn seeding rate
30,000 on soils with good water holding capacity, planted at 32,500 bc 90% germ 26,000 on droughty soils
52
Narrow rows advantages
More favorable light utilization | So beans and corn respond better to higher seed rates
53
Flex ear
May yield higher at lower pops
54
Soybean bush varieties
Do better at wide row and low pops
55
Corn vertical leaf type
Responds to higher pops
56
Small grain row width
7" used in Northeast | Respond best to narrow row
57
Soybean row spacing
30, 15, 7" Yield best at 7 But more uniform emergence with corn planter bc depth control
58
Kemper head
Bi directional head | Makes narrow row corn possible
59
Soybean seeding rate Drilled Corn planter
180k drilled | 160k seed/acre 30" row
60
Silage seed rate
4k more seed/acre than grain Seed at 36k, final 33 on high water holding Seed to final stand of 27 on droughty
61
Wheat seed rate
2 bu/acre before mid October | 2.5 bu/acre after mid October
62
Alfalfa seed rate
12-15 lb/ac
63
Red clover | Orchard grass
4-8 lbs/ac
64
Birdsfoot trefoil Timothy Seed rate
4-6 lb/acre
65
Smooth brome grass
5-8lb/ acre
66
Rees canary grass
8-10lb/acre
67
Replant alfalfa, need _plants per square foot
10-12 seedlings | Less than 3 for old stands
68
Replant grain corn
Final stand 16k or above, don't replant
69
Replant silage corn
Less than 18k plants/ac
70
effects of frequent forage harvest
Increased quality May decrease total yield Decrease food reserves
71
Nitrogen rapid uptake in corn
V8 (knee high) and R1 (silking)
72
Actual lime required env and recommendation
=(recommendation / ENV of limestone)*100
73
Determine N crop needs for corn
((Yield potential x 1.2)- soil N - sod N - manure N) / N uptake efficiency

Crop production (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions