CrossFit Level 3 Flashcards

Question

Define and calculate power

Answer 1

the time rate of doing work force X distance/time

Answer 2

any training period devoted to the general development of (but not limited to) conditioning, power, strength, skill, flexibility, endurance, and the other 10 domains of fitness

Answer 3

Cardiovascular and Respiratory endurance Stamina Strength Flexibility Coordination Agility Balance Accuracy Power Speed

Answer 4

method to success for completion of a movement

Answer 5

air squat, front squat, overhead squat deadlift, sumo deadlift high pull, MB clean strict press, push press, push jerk

Answer 6

universal movement patterns; performed in a wave of contraction from core to extremity, compound movements; capacity to move large loads over long distance, quickly

Answer 7

✔power independent variable most commonly associated with maximizing the rate of return of favorable adaptation to exercise.

Answer 8

safety, efficiency and efficacy of a fitness program supported by measurable, observable and repeatable data

Answer 9

increased work capacity across broad time and modal domains

Answer 10

✔a person who is trained or skilled in strength, power, balance and agility, flexibility, and endurance

Answer 11

Oxygen is utilized to metabolize substrates derived from food and liberates energy usually greater than 9 seconds in length @ low to moderate in power output/intensity occurs in mitochondria type 1 muscle fibers substrate = pyruvate or acetate pyruvate oxidized to produce 34 ATP

Answer 12

energy is liberated from substrates in the absense of oxygen less than two minutes in duration @ moderate to high power/intensity

Answer 13

cyctosol of muscle cells type 2a mucle fibers derived from phosphocreatine molecules in muscles Phosphate molecule from phosphocreatine joins ADP to form ATP

Answer 14

cyctosol of muscle cells type 2b muscle fibers derived from glucose in bloodstream Glucose oxidized to pyruvate produces 2 ATP

Answer 15

✔improves strength to weight ratio by using the body's own weight as a source of resistance

Answer 16

change in the body that affects you either neurologically or hormonally

Answer 17

✔testosterone insulin-like growth factor human growth hormone

Answer 18

Total calories should be based on protein needs, which should be set at between 0.7 and 1.0 grams of protein per pound of lean body mass (depending on your activity level). The 0.7 figure is for moderate daily workout loads, and the 1.0 figure is for the hardcore athlete. Then 30% cals from Protein/Fat and 40% from low glycemic carbs

Answer 19

10 Fitness Domains Performance of Athletic Tasks (hopper) Energy Systems/Metabolic Pathways Health Markers/Sickness,Wellness,Fitness Continuum

Answer 20

sickness - M >25%, F >32% wellness - M ~18%, F ~20% fitness - M ~6%, F ~12%

Answer 21

Sickness - >140/90 mmHg Wellness - 120/80 mmHg Fitness - 105/60 mmHg

Answer 22

Sickness - >100 bpm Wellness - 70 bpm Fitness - 50 bpm

Answer 23

S >200 mg/dL W - <150 mg/dL F - <100 mg/dL

Answer 24

✔S - >160 mg/dL W - 120 mg/dL F - <100 mg/dL

Answer 25

✔S - <40 mg/dL W - 40-59 mg/dL F - >60 mg/dL

Answer 26

✔S - >3 W - 1-3 F - <1

Answer 27

method by which we use anaerobic efforts to develop conditioning key to developing the cardiovascular system without loss of strength, speed, and power

Answer 28

✔maximal oxygen consumption increased lactate threshold increased efficiency

Answer 29

work = 10-30 seconds rest = 30-90 seconds ratio = 1:3 25-30 reps

Answer 30

work = 30-120 seconds rest = 60-240 seconds ratio = 1:2 10-20 reps

Answer 31

work = 120-300 seconds rest = 120-300 seconds ratio = 1:1 3-5 reps

Answer 32

Nutrition - molecular foundations Metabolic Conditioning - cardiovascular sufficiency Gymnastics - body control Weightlifting and Throwing - external object control Sport - mastery/application

Answer 33

tangible results from a program

Answer 34

time rate of adaptation

Answer 35

physics of a movements

Answer 36

allowing errors to broaden then reduce them without losing speed drilling both technique and intensity without sacrificing one or the other

Answer 37

activity that improves performance through a measurable organic change in the body

Answer 38

activity that improves performance through changes in the nervous system

Answer 39

Cardiorespiratory endurance Strength Stamina Flexibility

Answer 40

Agility Balance Coordination Accuracy

Answer 41

Power and Speed

Answer 42

✔Application of fitness in an atmosphere of competition and mastery

Answer 43

Whether the movement is primarily driven by the lower body or upper body The movement function (e.g., push versus pull) The range of motion used by the movement (specifically of the hips, knees, and ankles) The plane of movement

Answer 44

Reducing the angle of the joint

Answer 45

Increasing the angle of the joint

Answer 46

Lumbar curve maintained Weight in heels Depth below parallel Knees track over feet Look straight ahead Reach the full range of motion (i.e., below parallel) Keep the chest high Keep the midsection tight

Answer 47

teaching seeing correcting group/gym management presence/attitude demonstration

Answer 48

✔the ability to effectively articulate the mechanics of each movement ability to focus on major points of performance before subtle ones and the ability to change instruction based on athlete's needs

Answer 49

✔the ability to discern good from bad movement mechanics and to identify both gross and subtle faults both in motion and static

Answer 50

The ability to facilitate better mechanics for an athlete using verbal, visual, and tactile cues; ability to triage faults

Answer 51

medical condition that might arise from breakdown of muscle tissue and release of the muscle cells' contents into the bloodstream. This process can damage the kidneys and can lead to renal failure or death in rare cases

Answer 52

Patient with an appropriate history has an elevated level of creatine kinase, also known as CK or CPK. CPK is easier to measure in the blood than myoglobin and is generally used as a marker, even though it is the myoglobin that does the damage.

Answer 53

✔generous amounts of intravenous (IV) fluids to dilute and flush the myoglobin through the kidneys. In the worst cases, patients might need dialysis while the kidneys recover

Answer 54

Those with prolonged eccentric conractions (ie pull-ups, GHDSU)

Answer 55

generalized muscle pain, nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramping, and, in severe cases, dark-red or cola-colored urine. The discoloration of the urine comes from the muscle's myoglobin, which is the same molecule that gives red meat its color

Answer 56

Hip-to-shoulder-width stance. Hands just outside hips. Eyes on the horizon. Full grip on the bar. Shoulders slightly in front of or over the bar. Arms straight and bar in contact with the shins.

Answer 57

✔midline stabilization -core to extremity -balance about the frontal plane -posterior chain engagement -sound hip function -active shoulders -full ROM about a joint -effective stance/grip

Answer 58

refers to the athlete's capacity to prevent movement from this neutral spinal position and is synonymous with core strength; determines whether the athlete can maintain the natural S-curve of the spine to the pelvis when dynamic and/or loaded

Answer 59

anterior and posteriorly (front and back)

Answer 60

hamstrings(biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) glutes spinal erectors

Answer 61

20% increase

Answer 62

✔Becuase it converts to fat in the liver instead of going to the bloodstream

Answer 63

glycemic index multiplied by the grams of carb in the food

Answer 64

✔400-1000 IU per day

Answer 65

corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, fruit juice concentrate, maltose, dextrose, sucrose, honey, maple syrup

Answer 66

performing the common, uncommonly well

Answer 67

It deprives them of glucose they crave in order to grow

Answer 68

damage of brain proteins

Answer 69

✔inhibition of ATP production

Answer 70

decreased activity in the brain that leads to aging

Answer 71

a force acting parallel to the surface i.e. sliding of a vertebrae

Answer 72

VO2 = Q x (a- vO2) VO2 - amount of oxygen utilized by our bodies (liters per minute) Q - cardiac output (heart rate x stroke volume) a- vO2 - difference between arterial and venous oxygen content

Answer 73

✔60-70% genetic 30-40% training

Answer 74

✔the point at which blood lactic acid rises exponentially during incremental exercise

Answer 75

✔"use it or lose it"

Answer 76

inflammation phase (0-36 hours) Ice to slow down swelling

Answer 77

proliferative phase (2 days to 2 weeks) making new tissues

Answer 78

remodeling phase (2 weeks to 6 months) start doing light exercise again

Answer 79

✔Comes from animals and has all 9 essential amino acids

Answer 80

plant source that doesn't have all the amino acids we need

Answer 81

3:1 (antiinflammatory) to (imflammatory)

Answer 82

soybean, canola, safflower, vegetable they are high in omega 6 fats

Answer 83

it mimics estrogen in the body

Answer 84

9 g carb, 7 g protein, 3 g fat

Answer 85

✔<5.7% normal 5.7-6.4% prediabetes >6.5% diabetes

Answer 86

✔overeating

Answer 87

eating to meet energy needs

Answer 88

✔reward pathway of the brain

Answer 89

tells us if something is rewarding (hormone)

Answer 90

✔tells us if experiences have value

Answer 91

tells us if we are hungry or satisfied

Answer 92

hunger hormone (made in stomach)

Answer 93

suppresses appetite (made in fat cells)

Answer 94

✔20% stored as glycogen 80% goes to blood stream

Answer 95

✔men 38 g women 26 g

Answer 96

80-120 mg/dL

Answer 97

✔resting calorie burning without concious effort

Answer 98

<100mg/dL 100-125 mg/dL >125 mg/dL

Answer 99

<140mg/dL 140-199 mg/dL >200 mg/dL

Answer 100

20% comes from the food you eat

Answer 101

✔immune cells in the gut when they don't work, gut is prone to inflammation

Answer 102

13 are required

Answer 103

14 are required

Answer 104

ATP production

Answer 105

Oxygen delivery

Answer 106

antioxidant capacity

Answer 107

Brain liver muscle adipose

Answer 108

✔500 g of glycogen!

Answer 109

✔low blood sugar - <70mg/dL

Answer 110

high blood sugar - >126mg/dL after 8 hours of fasting

Answer 111

Sodium Chloride Potassium Magnesium Calcium

Answer 112

a storage hormone released by pancreas to decrease blood sugar

Answer 113

A mobilization hormone released by the pancreas to increase blood sugar

Answer 114

✔1. 10 Fitness Domains or types of adaptations 2. Performance of athletic tasks 3. Energy systems 4. Sickness-Wellness-Fitness Continuum

Answer 115

1. Cardio Vascular/respiratory endurance 2. Stamina 3. Strength 4. Flexibility 5. Power 6. Speed 7. Coordination 8. Agility 9. Balance 10. Accuracy

Answer 116

✔1. Shoulder width Stance. 2. Hips descend back and down. 3. Hips descend lower than knee. 4. Lumbar curve maintained. 5. Weight in heels. 6. Knees in line with toes. 7. Complete at full hip and knee extension.

Answer 117

1. Shoulder width stance. 2. Grip - Hands just outside shoulders. 3. Grip - Loose, fingertip grip on the bar. 4. Elbows high. 5. Hips descend back and down. 6. Hips descend lower than knees. 7. Lumbar curve maintained. 8. Weight in heels. 9. Knees in line with toes. 10. Complete at full hip and knee extension.

Answer 118

1. Shoulder width stance. 2. Wide grip on bar. 3. Shoulders push up into the bar. 4. Armpits face forward. 5. Hips descend back and down. 6. Hips descend lower than knees. 7. Lumber curve maintained. 8. Heels down. 9. Bar moves over midline of foot. 10. Knees in line with toes. 11. Complete at full hip and knee extension.

Answer 119

1. Hip width stance. 2. Hands just outside shoulders. 3. Elbows slightly in front of bar. 4. Full grip on bar. 5. Bar moves over middle of foot. 6. Torso and legs static. 7. Heels down. 8. Shoulders push up into bar. 9. Complete at full arm (shoulder flexion/elbow extension) extension.

Answer 120

1. Hip width stance. 2. Hands just outside shoulders. 3. Elbows slightly in front of bar. 4. Full grip on bar. 5. Bar rests on torso. 6. Torso dips straight down. 7. Hips and legs extend then press. 8. Heels down until hips and legs extend. 9.Bar moves over middle of foot. 10. Complete at full hip, knee and arm extension.

Answer 121

1. Hip width stance. 2. Hands just outside shoulders. 3. Elbows slightly in front of bar. 4. Full grip on the bar. 5. Torso dips straight down. 6. Hips and knees extend rapidly then press under. 7. Receive the bar in a partial overhead squat. 8. Heels stay down until hips and knees extend. 9. Bar moves over the middle of the foot. 10. Complete at full hip, knee and arm extension.

Answer 122

1. Hip width stance. 2. Hands just outside hips. 3. Full grip on the bar. 4. Shoulders slightly in front of the bar. 5. Lumbar curve maintained. 6. Hips and shoulders rise at the same time. 7. Bar moves over the middle of the foot. 8. Heels down. 9. Complete at full hip and knee extension.

Answer 123

1. Wider than shoulder width stance. 2. Hands inside legs with full grip in the bar. 3. Knees in line with toes. 4. Shoulders slightly inferno to the bar at set up. 5. Lumbar curve maintained. 6. Hips and shoulders rise at the same rate. 7. Hips then extend. 8. Heels down until hips and knees extend. 9. Shoulders then shrug, followed by pull of the arms. 10. Elbows move high and outside. 11. Bar moves over middle of the foot. 12. Complete at full hip and knee extension with bar pulled under the chin.

Answer 124

1. Shoulder width stance. 2. Ball between feet with palms on the ball. 3. Knees in line with toes. 4. Shoulders over ball at setup. 5. Lumbar curve maintained. 6. Hips extend rapidly. 7. Then shoulders shrug. 8. Then arms pull UNDER to bottom of the squat. 9. Heels down until hips and knees extend. 10. Complete at hip and knee extension with ball in front rack

Answer 125

endurance, stamina, strength, flexibility, power, speed, coordination, agility, balance, accuracy

Answer 126

a change in the body that affects you either neurologically or hormonally. (f.e.. increase in testosterone = hormonal/ increase in muscle mass = neurologica)

Answer 127

1) 10 physical skills 2) the Hopper 3) metabolic pathways 4) sickness-wellness-fitness continuum

Answer 128

1) increased maximal oxygen consumption 2) increased lactate threshold 3) increased efficiency.

Answer 129

1)nutrition 2) metabolic conditioning 3) gymnastics 4) weightlifting 5) sport

Answer 130

Power = Force (F) x Distance (work)/ Time (T)

Answer 131

✔work capacity across broad time & modal domains

Answer 132

1) safety 2) efficiency (time rate of adaptation) 3) effifacy (what is the return?)

Answer 133

✔1) mechanics 2) technique 3) form 4) style

Answer 134

HDL suppressed, blood pressure up, triglycerides up, body fat up, muscle mass down, bone density down, hemoglobin high

Answer 135

1. Saturated Fats (most stable) - Coconut Oil, butter 2. Polysaturated (least stable) - Omega 3 (ALA) anti inflammatory - flax seeds - Omega 6 (LA) pro inflammatory - nuts, grains - ratio: 2 x Omega 6 vs. 1 x Omega 3 3. Monosaturated (less stable) - Olive Oil, avocado

Answer 136

1) Mechanics 2) Consistency 3) Intensity

Answer 137

1) intensity 2) volume

Answer 138

1) load 2) speed 3) volume (time/ reps/ distance)

Answer 139

1) spine 2) pelvis 3) femur 4) tibia

Answer 140

1) sacroiliac joint (SI gewricht - schouders) 2) hip joint 3) knee joint

Answer 141

✔when the pelvis chases the femur i.o. the spine (naar achteren gaan zitten in de squat)

Answer 142

1) teaching 2) seeing 3) correcting 4) group/ gym management 5) pressence & attitude 6) demonstration

Answer 143

1) teach to learn 2) watch more experienced coaches 3) film yourself coaching others 4) attend courses 5) read & study

Answer 144

1) Master the Fundamentals, 2) limit the scope (work within your limits), 3) pursue excellence

Answer 145

CrossFit training

Answer 146

1) load 2) speed 3) volume (time/ reps/ distance)

Answer 147

Polysaturated, monosaturated, unsaturated

Answer 148

1) mitigate risk of Rhabdo 2) Equipment condition 3) spotting safely 4) monitor athletes' condition during WOD (level of exertion)

Answer 149

assigning urgency to multiple faults spotted, in order of the MOST to LEAST important. Ordering is based on severity of deviation from ideal & athlete's capacity relative to the task

Answer 150

✔1) Adhere to schedule 2) Space & equipment layout 3) Plan how & what to teach

Answer 151

✔refers to the relationship of the spine & pelvis during functional movement. Midline stabilization is the athlete's capacity to prevent movement from "neutral spine" position and is synonymous with "core strength".

Answer 152

✔engaging abs, internal & external obliques & erectors

Answer 153

optimal muscular & skeletal alignment for force distribution

Answer 154

1) most safe = midline stabilization in neutral position 2) more risky = non-neutral spine in static position 3) most risky = loss of neutral spine during movement

Answer 155

C2E movements demonstrate a sequence of muscular contraction that begin with "large-force-producing-low-velocity" muscles of the core (abs & erectors) and the hips - and ends with the "small-force-producing-high-velocity" muscles of the extremities (biceps, calves, wrist flexors) Starts with establishing midline stabilization for effective force transfer.

Answer 156

1) Sagittal - divides body in left & right 2) Frontal (coronal) - divides body in front & back 3) Transversal - divides body in upper/ lower body

Answer 157

✔Superior, above (head) Inferior, below (feet)

Answer 158

✔Medial - middle of the body Lateral - parts of the body towards the sides

Answer 159

Dorsal - backside Ventral - bellyside

Answer 160

Cranial - close to head Causal - close to tail *used for animals

Answer 161

✔Rostral - front lobes of brain Caudal - area of brain towards the spine *used for SKULL

Answer 162

Proximal - limbs are close to where they join the body Distal - limbs are away from where they join the body * used to indicate position of limbs

Answer 163

the athlete's ability to flex & extend the hip to maximize its' contribution to the movement. Applies most force on the object + creates most elevation of the object.

Answer 164

1) muted hip (never closes/ flexes - movement dominated by quads) 2) lack of hip extension 3) slow hip extension

Answer 165

✔most stable position for the shoulders when working against a load.

Answer 166

natural anatomic beginning & end positions of a movement.

Answer 167

1) competitive orientation 2) age 3) fitness level 4) injury state

Answer 168

1) competitor (performance vs. results in competition) 2) wellness athlete (regaining health & fitness, maintaining quality of life)

Answer 169

✔fitness level & injury state

Answer 170

✔above 55 years of age. Before 55 = early Master

Answer 171

when he/ she has a medical condition that limits one (or more) aspects of the program

Answer 172

1) Acute (resolve short term) 2) Chronic (long term) 3) Illness/ disease

Answer 173

✔- resolving injury (injured) or maximizing functionality (diseased) takes the highest priority - Late Masters should have loads reduced (or modified) - An Unfit Early Master should be treated the same as a Fit Late Master - wellness athletes need a broad stimulus in order to achieve broad fitness - programming for competitors should be biased towards skills that are commonly tested in competition

Answer 174

-goal is general health & wellbeing - social interaction is important -key theme = quality of life - overly concerned about safety - focus is personal improvement - novelty of workouts is a motivator

Answer 175

✔- goal is improved competition ranking and focus is on the leaderboard - being challenged is important - key theme is winning - may ignore safety seeking better performance

Answer 176

✔- hormonal changes (testosterone, estrogen, menopause) - immune system changes (reduced function, inflammatory response) - musculoskeletal changes (mobility, osteoporosis, arthritic) - Reduced stamina & cardiovascular respiratory endurance - reduced elasticity of skin & blood vessels - reduced capacity to recover from injury or illness.

Answer 177

✔- sensory perceptual changes (hearing, taste, sight) - neurological capacity impaired (coordination, accuracy, agility, balance) - neuroBIOlogical changes (reduced neuroplasticity & ability to learn new skills) - cognitive changes (overthinking, increased problem solving skills) - personality changes (seating greater purpose) - social changes (family, career)

Answer 178

mechanics first, then consistency, then intensity. It is the condition, NOT the age, that creates an increased risk.

Answer 179

Split Snatch i.o. Squat Snatch

Answer 180

✔NO kipping pull ups, ONLY strict (in rings)

Answer 181

replace back squat with box squat & use a safety bar

Answer 182

replace deadlift with Trap Bar Deadlift off blocks

Answer 183

replace box jumps with step ups & avoid skipping

Answer 184

✔change pull up grip to chin up & avoid ring dips

Answer 185

✔end of a long bone

Answer 186

thin but diffuse layer of cartilaginous tissue located between the epiphysis & diaphysis

Answer 187

shaft of the bone

Answer 188

(Spongy bone) functions to absorb external mechanical stress

Answer 189

✔found in the shaft of the bone. Gives the skeleton much of its ability to support and protect.

Answer 190

✔fibrous tissue that lines joint capsules where bone meets bone

Answer 191

site of bone-marrow genesis. Marrow is responsible for blood-cell production

Answer 192

appears as fibrous sheath (omhulsel) surrounding the bone.

Answer 193

✔creates the longitudinal (vertical) axis of the body. It runs from the skull down to the tailbone & includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, collarbones & sternum.

Answer 194

compromised of appendages: the bones of the legs, arms, hands & feet.

Answer 195

long bones, short bones, irregular bones, flat bones & sesamoid bones

Answer 196

✔the lipid bi-layer that separates individual cells. Allows certain substances to pass in & out of cell -> important in metabolism & contraction

Answer 197

water-based suspension containing other cellular substructures & metabolic substances. Site of anaerobic metabolism that supports high-intensity work.

Answer 198

largest cellular organelle & contains DNA

Answer 199

"powerhouse" of the cell due to its role in aerobic metabolism. Supports low-intensity long-duration work.

Answer 200

✔(aminozuren volgorde) - site of protein synthesis.

Answer 201

1) Rough Endoplastic Rectulum (having associated ribosomes - rough = ribosomes gelijk aan eiwitten 2) Smooth Endoplastic Rectulum (having NO associated ribosomes - smooth = ribosomes gelijk aan vetzuren)

Answer 202

because it is also a regulatory center from calcium-ion storage

Answer 203

composed of membrane-bound vesicles. Modifies outgoing substances for delivery to the intended destination.

Answer 204

Actin & Myosin

Answer 205

a small chamber in the upper segment of the heart. Humans have 2 atria. The function of the atria is to accept blood from the circulatory blood vessels & move it with pressure into the lower segment of the heart.

Answer 206

✔a large chamber in the lower segment of the heart. Humans have 2 ventricles. The function of the ventricles is to pump blood OUT if the heart & into the system.

Answer 207

✔The right segment (right atrium & right ventricle) of the heart. It receives oxygen depleted blood from the body & routes it to the lungs for oxygenation.

Answer 208

The left segment (left atrium & left ventricle) of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs & delivers it to the body. (Systemic Circulation)

Answer 209

✔the common muscular wall between the left & right ventricles.

Answer 210

✔the left ventricle - the left ventricle muscle has to produce more force to move blood through the systemic circulation

Answer 211

✔✔The right side (25mmHG of pressure)

Answer 212

✔✔100mmHG of pressure

Answer 213

✔✔blood flow between heart and lungs

Answer 214

✔✔an individual muscle cell

Answer 215

✔✔the shape, how it communicates with neighboring cells, nucleus - only 1 in cardiac myocyte, many in skeletal

Answer 216

✔✔electrical activity MUST proceed contraction, it's what stimulates the heart to beat!

Answer 217

✔✔1) sinoatrial node 2) atrioventricular node 3) bundle of His 4) left & right branches 5) Purkinje fibers 6) inter-nodal tract 7) Bachmann's bundle

Answer 218

✔✔the right side

Answer 219

✔✔pulmonary system

Answer 220

✔✔through the aorta to systemic circulation

Answer 221

✔✔coronary arteries feed into the cardiac muscle & keep the heart supplied with everything it needs. (heart attack arteries)

Answer 222

✔✔an anatomical enlargement of a cell or tissue

Answer 223

✔✔characterized by an increase in the size of the heart - specifically the left ventricle. The dimensions of the heart get bigger (like a balloon) - there's no added muscle mass, muscle walls are thin. it corrupts pumping efficiency. (BAD)

Answer 224

✔✔a beneficial adaptation that allows the heart to pump around higher volumes of blood more efficiently. The overvall heart mass gets larger - through needed added muscle mass (heart overall - increase mostly in left ventricle) to keep the ventricular wall at normall thickness. Also known as runners' heart.

Answer 225

✔✔a beneficial adaptation that allows the heart to move blood throughout the body against high pressures of resistance. High resistance pressures occur anytime there is an occlusion (afsluiting) of blood vessels. (high intensity/ high resistance training) Chamber sizes stay the same, but there is more muscle mass added to the left ventricular walls that increases their thickness.

Answer 226

✔✔carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

CrossFit Level 3 Flashcards

(257 cards)